Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different nitrogen (N) sources and levels on ion content in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitate ’Yalova‐1'). In the process of ion uptake by plants, electro‐neutrality is maintained both by the plant and the nutrient medium in which the plant is grown. N fertiliser not only affects yield but also the quality of the plant. Nitrates convert to nitrite in plant tissues which may cause health problems in infants and also form carcinogenic substances. Higher doses of nitrites change haemoglobin to methaemoglobin and this inhibits the transport of blood oxygen in the human body. Increased rates of N fertilisers also cause the accumulation of oxalic acid in vegetables. Oxalic acid causes acute toxicity if taken with calcium (Ca) and this forms stones in the kidney. Cabbage plants were grown in field conditions with five N fertiliser types, four doses and three replications. The treatments of N consisted of: no added fertiliser; 100, 200, and 400 kg N ha −1 as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulphate, and farmyard manure. The results demonstrate that plant head weight was generally greater when mineral fertiliser rather than organic fertiliser was supplied to plants. In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively. When the data were subjected to multiple regression analysis, effects of ammonium nitrate fertiliser application at 342 kg N ha −1 on plant yields (3333 g plant −1 ) were higher than that of other fertiliser applications. With increasing NO 3 – nutrition, the bulk of anion charge appeared as organic anion accumulation in the plants. The increase in organic anion accumulation was paralleled by an increase in cation concentration (K + , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Na + ). Total inorganic anion levels (NO 3 –, SO 4 2 –, H 2 PO 4 –, Cl–) were relatively constant. The effects of increasing NO 3 – nutrition in stimulating organic anion accumulation such as glutamate, malate, and oxalate were far greater than ammonium and the other nutrient forms. Nitrate content of plants increased with the increasing N application, especially with nitrate fertiliser. The increases observed in the plant were highest in the plots with potassium nitrate applied and lowest in plots with no added fertiliser treatment. The results also indicated that farmyard manure was much more suitable than mineral fertilisers for plant quality according to lower total N, nitrate, and oxalic acid contents of cabbage plants. However, ammonium sulphate application at the rate of 250 kg N ha −1 was the most suitable fertiliser application rate for plant quality according to lower risk yields of plants (2650 g plant −1 ) for human nutrition.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage head weight was generally greater with mineral fertiliser than with organic fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- mineral fertilisere1
- Outcome
- plant head weighte1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- organic fertilisere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“plant head weight was generally greater when mineral fertiliser rather than organic fertiliser was supplied to plants”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium nitrate at 400 kg N/ha gave cabbage yields 66% higher than no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitratee2
- Outcome
- plant yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 66%e2
- Comparator
- no added fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate at 400 kg N/ha gave cabbage yields 61% higher than no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee2
- Outcome
- plant yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 61%e2
- Comparator
- no added fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 400 kg N/ha gave cabbage yields 40% higher than no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulphatee2
- Outcome
- plant yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 40%e2
- Comparator
- no added fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea at 400 kg N/ha gave cabbage yields 49% higher than no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ureae2
- Outcome
- plant yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 49%e2
- Comparator
- no added fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmland manure at 400 kg N/ha gave cabbage yields 44% higher than no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- farmland manuree2
- Outcome
- plant yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 44%e2
- Comparator
- no added fertilisere2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In the 400 kg N ha −1 treatment as potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, and farmland manure application, plant yields were 66%, 61%, 40%, 49%, and 44% higher than with no added fertiliser, respectively”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate at 342 kg N/ha gave higher cabbage plant yields than other fertiliser applications in the regression analysis.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate fertiliser application at 342 kg N ha −1e3
- Outcome
- plant yieldse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 3333 g plant −1e3
- Comparator
- other fertiliser applicationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“effects of ammonium nitrate fertiliser application at 342 kg N ha −1 on plant yields (3333 g plant −1 ) were higher than that of other fertiliser applications”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic anion accumulation in cabbage plants increased with increasing NO3 nutrition.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- increasing NO 3 – nutritione4
- Outcome
- organic anion accumulatione4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“With increasing NO 3 – nutrition, the bulk of anion charge appeared as organic anion accumulation in the plants”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cation concentration in cabbage increased in parallel with organic anion accumulation.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- organic anion accumulatione5
- Outcome
- cation concentration (K + , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Na + )e5
- Direction
- increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The increase in organic anion accumulation was paralleled by an increase in cation concentration (K + , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , Na + )”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Total inorganic anion levels in cabbage were relatively constant.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- Total inorganic anion levelse6
- Qualifier
- relatively constante6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Total inorganic anion levels (NO 3 –, SO 4 2 –, H 2 PO 4 –, Cl–) were relatively constant”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NO3 nutrition stimulated organic anion accumulation (glutamate, malate, oxalate) far more than ammonium.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- increasing NO 3 – nutritione7
- Outcome
- organic anion accumulation such as glutamate, malate, and oxalatee7
- Direction
- far greatere7
- Comparator
- ammonium and the other nutrient formse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The effects of increasing NO 3 – nutrition in stimulating organic anion accumulation such as glutamate, malate, and oxalate were far greater than ammonium and the other nutrient forms”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate content of cabbage increased with increasing N application, especially with nitrate fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- increasing N applicatione0
- Outcome
- Nitrate contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrate content of plants increased with the increasing N application, especially with nitrate fertiliser”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
The increases observed in cabbage were highest with potassium nitrate and lowest with no added fertiliser.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- potassium nitrate appliede1
- Outcome
- increases observed in the plante1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- no added fertiliser treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The increases observed in the plant were highest in the plots with potassium nitrate applied and lowest in plots with no added fertiliser treatment”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure gave cabbage with lower total N, nitrate and oxalic acid contents than mineral fertilisers.
- Taxon
- cabbage plantsBrassica oleracea var. capitatae2
- Treatment
- farmyard manuree2
- Outcome
- total N, nitrate, and oxalic acid contentse2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- mineral fertiliserse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“farmyard manure was much more suitable than mineral fertilisers for plant quality according to lower total N, nitrate, and oxalic acid contents of cabbage plants”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate at 250 kg N/ha is the most suitable rate for cabbage quality, given its lower yield risk for human nutrition.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulphate application at the rate of 250 kg N ha −1e3
- Outcome
- plant qualitye3
- Value
- 2650 g plant −1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“ammonium sulphate application at the rate of 250 kg N ha −1 was the most suitable fertiliser application rate for plant quality according to lower risk yields of plants (2650 g plant −1 ) for human nutrition”
t0“ion content of cabbage”
The same questions in other papers
ammonium nitrate · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →ammonium sulfate · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →potassium nitrate · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nitrogen · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
143 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
160 papers more in this group
See all 164 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
126 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
142 papers more in this group
See all 146 papers →fertilization · yield · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
444 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
492 papers more in this group
See all 496 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.