Abstract
Kernels cultured in vitro were induced to abort by high temperature (35 degrees C) and by culturing six kernels/cob piece. Aborting kernels failed to enter a linear phase of dry mass accumulation and had a final mass that was less than 6% of nonaborting field-grown kernels. Kernels induced to abort by high temperature failed to synthesize starch in the endosperm and had elevated sucrose concentrations and low fructose and glucose concentrations in the pedicel during early growth compared to nonaborting kernels. Kernels induced to abort by high temperature also had much lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activities than did nonaborting kernels. These results suggest that high temperature during the lag phase of kernel growth may impair the process of sucrose unloading in the pedicel by indirectly inhibiting soluble acid invertase activity and prevent starch synthesis in the endosperm. Kernels induced to abort by culturing six kernels/cob piece had reduced pedicel fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations compared to kernels from field-grown ears. These aborting kernels also had a lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activity compared to nonaborting kernels from the same cob piece and from field-grown ears. The low invertase activity in pedicel tissue of the aborting kernels was probably caused by a lack of substrate (sucrose) for the invertase to cleave due to the intense competition for available assimilates. In contrast to kernels cultured at 35 degrees C, aborting kernels from cob pieces containing all six kernels accumulated starch in a linear fashion. These results indicate that kernels cultured six/cob piece abort because of an inadequate supply of sugar and are similar to apical kernels from field-grown ears that often abort prior to the onset of linear growth.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature (35 degrees C) caused in vitro cultured maize kernels to abort, and aborting kernels failed to enter a linear phase of dry mass accumulation.
- Organ / stage
- Kernelse0
- Treatment
- high temperature (35 degrees C)e0
- Outcome
- linear phase of dry mass accumulatione1
- Direction
- failed to entere1
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e0“Kernels cultured in vitro were induced to abort by high temperature (35 degrees C)”
e1“Aborting kernels failed to enter a linear phase of dry mass accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aborting kernels had a final mass less than 6% of nonaborting field-grown kernels.
- Organ / stage
- kernelse2
- Treatment
- high temperature (35 degrees C)e0
- Outcome
- final masse2
- Direction
- less thane2
- Value
- 6%e2
- Comparator
- nonaborting field-grown kernelse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e0“Kernels cultured in vitro were induced to abort by high temperature (35 degrees C)”
e2“had a final mass that was less than 6% of nonaborting field-grown kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
Aborting kernels had much lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activity than nonaborting kernels.
- Organ / stage
- pedicele5
- Treatment
- high temperaturee5
- Gene
- soluble acid invertasee5
- Outcome
- soluble acid invertase activitiese5
- Direction
- much lowere5
- Comparator
- nonaborting kernelse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e5“Kernels induced to abort by high temperature also had much lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activities than did nonaborting kernels”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature during the lag phase may impair sucrose unloading in the pedicel by indirectly inhibiting soluble acid invertase, thereby preventing endosperm starch synthesis.
- Treatment
- high temperature during the lag phase of kernel growthe6
- Gene
- soluble acid invertasee6
- Outcome
- starch synthesis in the endosperme6
- Qualifier
- sucrose unloading in the pedicele6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e6“These results suggest that high temperature during the lag phase of kernel growth may impair the process of sucrose unloading in the pedicel by indirectly inhibiting soluble acid invertase activity and prevent starch synthesis in the endosperm”
Claim · model-written summary
Culturing six kernels per cob piece reduced pedicel fructose, glucose and sucrose concentrations compared to kernels from field-grown ears.
- Organ / stage
- pedicele7
- Treatment
- culturing six kernels/cob piecee7
- Outcome
- pedicel fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrationse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- kernels from field-grown earse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e7“Kernels induced to abort by culturing six kernels/cob piece had reduced pedicel fructose, glucose, and sucrose concentrations compared to kernels from field-grown ears”
Claim · model-written summary
Aborting kernels from six-kernel cob pieces had lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activity than nonaborting kernels from the same cob piece and from field-grown ears.
- Treatment
- culturing six kernels/cob piecee7
- Gene
- soluble acid invertasee2
- Outcome
- pedicel soluble acid invertase activitye2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- nonaborting kernels from the same cob piecee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e7“Kernels induced to abort by culturing six kernels/cob piece”
e2“These aborting kernels also had a lower pedicel soluble acid invertase activity compared to nonaborting kernels from the same cob piece and from field-grown ears”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pedicel invertase activity in aborting kernels was probably caused by a lack of sucrose substrate due to intense competition for assimilates.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e2“The low invertase activity in pedicel tissue of the aborting kernels was probably caused by a lack of substrate (sucrose) for the invertase to cleave due to the intense competition for available assimilates”
Claim · model-written summary
Aborting kernels from cob pieces with all six kernels accumulated starch in a linear fashion, unlike kernels cultured at 35 degrees C.
- Treatment
- cob pieces containing all six kernelse1
- Outcome
- accumulated starch in a linear fashione1
- Comparator
- kernels cultured at 35 degrees Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e1“In contrast to kernels cultured at 35 degrees C, aborting kernels from cob pieces containing all six kernels accumulated starch in a linear fashion”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernels cultured six per cob piece abort because of an inadequate supply of sugar.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e1“These results indicate that kernels cultured six/cob piece abort because of an inadequate supply of sugar”
Claim · model-written summary
Apical kernels on field-grown ears often abort before the onset of linear growth.
- Organ / stage
- apical kernelse1
- Outcome
- abort prior to the onset of linear growthe1
- Setting
- field-grown earse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Kernel Abortion in Maize”
e1“are similar to apical kernels from field-grown ears that often abort prior to the onset of linear growth”
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