Abstract
Abstract Field studies were conducted on corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] during 1976 and 1977 to acquire information on the response of crops to saline aerosol deposition near brackish water cooling towers in combination with salt accumulation in the soil. Salt treatments imposed included preplant soil applications equal to 0, 14, 28, 56, and 112 kg NaCl ha −1 and foliar applications of brackish cooling tower water as saline aerosol drift equal to 0, 34, and 68 L ha −1 d −1 . Total soluble salt in the foliar treatments averaged 23 ± 3 g L −1 , with average weekly salt deposition rates of 0, 3.8 ± 0.6, and 7.6 ± 1.2 kg ha −1 . Information on elemental contents in leaves at flowering, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were obtained. Information on extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na plus electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of 0‐ to 15‐cm soil samples was obtained in October 1977 following two summers of treatments on the same plots and again in April 1978. For both crops, leaf Na and Cl, metabolic index, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar salts in both years. However, soil salt treatments influence only leaf Cl contents and metabolic index values. Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively. Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increases in extractable Na in soils were found with foliar salt treatments. Increases in extractable Ca and pH ( P ≤ 0.05) and K, Mg, and Na ( P ≤ 0.1) were observed with increased soil salt rates. However, no differences were found among soil chemical parameters 8 months following the termination of the foliar treatments. The soils data suggest that salt deposition within 10 km of the Chalk Point cooling towers would cause minimal impact due to the sandy textures of the soils and annual rainfall in excess of 100 cm yr −1 .
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salts significantly affected leaf Na and Cl contents of corn and soybeans in both years.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeans
Glycine max
Zea mays subsp. mayse2 - Treatment
- foliar saltse1
- Outcome
- leaf Na and Cle1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For both crops, leaf Na and Cl, metabolic index, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar salts in both years”
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salts significantly affected metabolic index and leaf injury ratings of corn and soybeans.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- foliar saltse1
- Outcome
- metabolic index, leaf injury ratingse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For both crops, leaf Na and Cl, metabolic index, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar salts in both years”
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest foliar salt rate, grain yields were reduced by an average of 10% in corn and 9% in soybeans relative to controls.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- foliar saltse1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 10 and 9%e2
- Qualifier
- at the highest foliar salt ratee2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For both crops, leaf Na and Cl, metabolic index, leaf injury ratings, and grain yields were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) affected by foliar salts in both years”
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil salt treatments influenced only leaf Cl contents and metabolic index values of corn and soybeans.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- soil salt treatmentse3
- Outcome
- leaf Cl contents and metabolic index valuese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e3“However, soil salt treatments influence only leaf Cl contents and metabolic index values”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salt treatments significantly increased extractable Na in soils.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- foliar salt treatmentse4
- Outcome
- extractable Na in soilse4
- Direction
- increasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e4“Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increases in extractable Na in soils were found with foliar salt treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil salt rates increased extractable Ca and pH in soil (P ≤ 0.05).
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- increased soil salt ratese5
- Outcome
- extractable Ca and pHe5
- Direction
- Increasese5
- Qualifier
- P ≤ 0.05e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e5“Increases in extractable Ca and pH ( P ≤ 0.05) and K, Mg, and Na ( P ≤ 0.1) were observed with increased soil salt rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soil salt rates increased extractable K, Mg and Na in soil (P ≤ 0.1).
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- increased soil salt ratese5
- Outcome
- K, Mg, and Nae5
- Direction
- Increasese5
- Qualifier
- P ≤ 0.1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e5“Increases in extractable Ca and pH ( P ≤ 0.05) and K, Mg, and Na ( P ≤ 0.1) were observed with increased soil salt rates”
Claim · model-written summary
No differences in soil chemical parameters were found 8 months after the foliar treatments ended.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- foliar treatmentse6
- Outcome
- soil chemical parameterse6
- Direction
- no differencese6
- Qualifier
- 8 months following the terminatione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e6“However, no differences were found among soil chemical parameters 8 months following the termination of the foliar treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt deposition within 10 km of the Chalk Point cooling towers would cause minimal impact on the crops, owing to sandy soil textures (author inference from soil data).
- Taxon
- corn and soybeansGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Outcome
- minimal impacte7
- Qualifier
- sandy textures of the soilse7
- Setting
- within 10 km of the Chalk Point cooling towerse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Grain yields were reduced an average of 10 and 9% of controls at the highest foliar salt rate in corn and soybeans, respectively”
e7“salt deposition within 10 km of the Chalk Point cooling towers would cause minimal impact due to the sandy textures of the soils”
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