Abstract
Abstract The effects of superphosphate rates up to 1000 kg/ha with and without 56 kg/ha nitrogen (N) on the yield, grain size, nutrient concentration, and baking quality of ‘Karamu’ wheat were investigated on blocks which has previously grown three ‐ seven wheat crops. ‘Karamu’ grown on land which had had seven previous wheat crops compared to three previous crops, gave lower grain yields but no change in grain weight or % N concentration. There was a small drop in bake score and an increase in the % phosphorus (P) and % sulphur (S) concentrations in the grain grown on land which had had a greater number of crops. There was no significant interaction between years in wheat and the fertiliser treatments. Grain yield increased with superphosphate rates up to 500 kg/ha but 90% of the maximum grain yield was produced at 250 kg/ha. There was a large response to N. Grain weight was increased by superphosphate additions but reduced by N. Superphosphate increased the P, N, and S grain uptake particularly with added N, but it reduced the N concentration in the grain, reduced the N: P ratio, and had no effect on the S concentration and the N: S ratio. The S concentration was influenced more by the background effect of the number of previous wheat crops than by the fertiliser applied. The bake score of ‘Karamu’ was improved by addition of N but was markedly depressed by addition of superphosphate with and without N, changing the wheat quality from acceptable to unacceptable. Bake score was highly correlated with fertiliser treatments. Although across‐treatment relationships were established with N, P, grain weight, and the N: P ratio, no within‐treatment relationships were found. No relationship was established between bake score and grain S concentration even though it was in the deficient range. These results provide some possible explanation for the wide variation in bake score found in commercial samples of ‘Karamu’ wheat.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grown on land with seven previous wheat crops gave lower grain yields than on land with three previous crops.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- seven previous wheat cropse0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- three previous cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grown on land which had had seven previous wheat crops compared to three previous crops, gave lower grain yields but no change in grain weight or % N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven versus three previous wheat crops gave no change in grain weight or grain % N concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- seven previous wheat cropse0
- Outcome
- grain weight or % N concentratione0
- Direction
- no changee0
- Comparator
- three previous cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grown on land which had had seven previous wheat crops compared to three previous crops, gave lower grain yields but no change in grain weight or % N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Bake score dropped slightly in grain grown on land with a greater number of previous wheat crops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- greater number of cropse0
- Outcome
- bake scoree0
- Direction
- drope0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a small drop in bake score and an increase in the % phosphorus (P) and % sulphur (S) concentrations in the grain grown on land which had had a greater number of crops”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain % phosphorus and % sulphur concentrations increased on land with a greater number of previous wheat crops.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- greater number of cropse0
- Outcome
- % phosphorus (P) and % sulphur (S) concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a small drop in bake score and an increase in the % phosphorus (P) and % sulphur (S) concentrations in the grain grown on land which had had a greater number of crops”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no significant interaction between years in wheat and the fertiliser treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fertiliser treatmentse0
- Outcome
- interaction between years in wheate0
- Direction
- no significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant interaction between years in wheat and the fertiliser treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat grain yield increased with superphosphate rates up to 500 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- superphosphate ratese0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- up to 500 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased with superphosphate rates up to 500 kg/ha but 90% of the maximum grain yield was produced at 250 kg/ha”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ninety percent of the maximum wheat grain yield was produced at 250 kg/ha superphosphate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- 90% of the maximum grain yielde0
- Value
- 250 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield increased with superphosphate rates up to 500 kg/ha but 90% of the maximum grain yield was produced at 250 kg/ha”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
There was a large wheat response to nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- large responsee0
- Direction
- largee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a large response to N”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was increased by superphosphate additions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- superphosphate additionse0
- Outcome
- Grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight was increased by superphosphate additions but reduced by N”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain weight was reduced by nitrogen addition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ne0
- Outcome
- Grain weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain weight was increased by superphosphate additions but reduced by N”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate increased grain P, N and S uptake, particularly with added N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- P, N, and S grain uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- particularly with added Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superphosphate increased the P, N, and S grain uptake particularly with added N, but it reduced the N concentration in the grain, reduced the N: P ratio, and had no effect on the S concentration and the N: S ratio”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced the N concentration in the grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- N concentration in the graine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superphosphate increased the P, N, and S grain uptake particularly with added N, but it reduced the N concentration in the grain, reduced the N: P ratio, and had no effect on the S concentration and the N: S ratio”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate reduced the grain N:P ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- N: P ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superphosphate increased the P, N, and S grain uptake particularly with added N, but it reduced the N concentration in the grain, reduced the N: P ratio, and had no effect on the S concentration and the N: S ratio”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Superphosphate had no effect on grain S concentration or the N:S ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- S concentration and the N: S ratioe0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superphosphate increased the P, N, and S grain uptake particularly with added N, but it reduced the N concentration in the grain, reduced the N: P ratio, and had no effect on the S concentration and the N: S ratio”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain S concentration was influenced more by the number of previous wheat crops than by the fertiliser applied.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- number of previous wheat cropse0
- Outcome
- S concentratione0
- Direction
- influenced moree0
- Comparator
- fertiliser appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The S concentration was influenced more by the background effect of the number of previous wheat crops than by the fertiliser applied”
Claim · model-written summary
The bake score of Karamu wheat was improved by nitrogen addition.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Karamue0
- Treatment
- addition of Ne0
- Outcome
- bake scoree0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bake score of ‘Karamu’ was improved by addition of N but was markedly depressed by addition of superphosphate with and without N”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The bake score of Karamu wheat was markedly depressed by superphosphate with and without N.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Karamue0
- Treatment
- addition of superphosphate with and without Ne0
- Outcome
- bake scoree0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bake score of ‘Karamu’ was improved by addition of N but was markedly depressed by addition of superphosphate with and without N”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bake score was highly correlated with fertiliser treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertiliser treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Bake scoree0
- Direction
- highly correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bake score was highly correlated with fertiliser treatments”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No relationship was established between bake score and grain S concentration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- S concentratione0
- Outcome
- bake scoree0
- Direction
- No relationshipe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No relationship was established between bake score and grain S concentration”
t0“wheat”
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