Abstract
Free flavins have been extracted from shoots of etiolated corn (Zea mays L., var. Burpee Snowcross) and from yeast cells and separated from other substances by absorption on resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and talc columns and by thin layer chromatography. Riboflavin was the only free flavin present. Extracts of etiolated shoots of oats (Avena sativa L., var. Multiline E-69 and Clinford) yielded riboflavin plus a second free flavin previously demonstrated in oats. The areas of the chromatograms expected to contain lumichrome were completely clear. After illumination of any of the three organisms with artificial light (1100 ft-c) or sunlight for 6 hours, lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine) was found. In corn shoots after irradiation by sunlight, the amount of lumichrome present was equivalent to 2.5% of the total free flavin. Lumichrome was identified by thin layer chromatography in six solvent systems (including two two-dimensional systems), by its characteristic fluorescence in acetic acid, by its absorption spectrum, and by formation of a characteristic hydrate in ammonia-containing solutions. A comparison was made with in vitro photolysis of riboflavin and the possible role of photolysis of riboflavin (either free or bound) and of lumichrome formation in photo-responses of plants is discussed. Placing the shoots in the dark for 4 hours after irradiation in sunlight for 6 hours led to no detectable loss of the lumichrome which had been formed.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin was the only free flavin found in etiolated corn shoots.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Material
- Burpee Snowcrosse0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- Riboflavin was the only free flavin presente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoots of etiolated corn (Zea mays L., var. Burpee Snowcross)”
e1“Riboflavin was the only free flavin present”
Claim · model-written summary
Etiolated oat shoots contained riboflavin and a second free flavin.
- Taxon
- oats
Avena sativae0 - Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- riboflavin plus a second free flavine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Extracts of etiolated shoots of oats (Avena sativa L., var. Multiline E-69 and Clinford) yielded riboflavin plus a second free flavin previously demonstrated in oats”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome was absent from chromatogram areas before illumination.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- areas of the chromatograms expected to contain lumichrome were completely cleare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoots of etiolated corn (Zea mays L., var. Burpee Snowcross)”
e1“The areas of the chromatograms expected to contain lumichrome were completely clear”
Claim · model-written summary
Light exposure for six hours produced detectable lumichrome in the organisms.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- illumination of any of the three organisms with artificial light (1100 ft-c) or sunlight for 6 hourse1
- Outcome
- lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine) was founde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoots of etiolated corn (Zea mays L., var. Burpee Snowcross)”
e1“After illumination of any of the three organisms with artificial light (1100 ft-c) or sunlight for 6 hours, lumichrome (7,8-dimethylalloxazine) was found”
Claim · model-written summary
After sunlight exposure, corn shoot lumichrome equaled 2.5% of total free flavin.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- amount of lumichrome presente0
- Value
- 2.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In corn shoots after irradiation by sunlight, the amount of lumichrome present was equivalent to 2.5% of the total free flavin”
Claim · model-written summary
Lumichrome remained detectable after four hours of darkness following sunlight irradiation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- dark for 4 hours after irradiation in sunlight for 6 hourse1
- Outcome
- lumichromee1
- Direction
- no detectable losse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoots of etiolated corn (Zea mays L., var. Burpee Snowcross)”
e1“Placing the shoots in the dark for 4 hours after irradiation in sunlight for 6 hours led to no detectable loss of the lumichrome which had been formed”
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