Abstract
In this study, we were interested in learning if cytokinins play a role in the developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle. We demonstrate that the application of the synthetic cytokinin BAP (6-benzyl-amino-purine) results in a number of nodulation-related changes. BAP stimulates the production of ethylene, a known inhibitor of nodulation. At low levels (up to 1 &mgr;M), BAP also stimulates nodulation but as its concentration is increased (up to 25 &mgr;M), nodule number decreases. In BAP-treated roots, the infection threads are abnormal; they are twisted, very knotty, and generally grow in a direction parallel to the root surface. In addition, the centers of cell division in the inner cortex are very few. Thus, BAP-treated Sparkle appears to phenocopy the low-nodulating pea mutant R50 [Guinel FC, Sloetjes LL (2000) Ethylene is involved in the nodulation phenotype of Pisum sativum R50 (sym 16), a pleiotropic mutant that nodulates poorly and has pale green leaves. J Exp Bot 51: 885-894]. However, it appears doubtful that there is a direct correlation between the actions of cytokinin and ethylene in causing a reduction in nodule organogenesis because nodulation is not restored by treating BAP-treated Sparkle with ethylene inhibitors.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
BAP stimulates ethylene production in pea.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- BAPe6
- Outcome
- production of ethylenee6
- Direction
- stimulatese6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e6“BAP stimulates the production of ethylene, a known inhibitor of nodulation”
Claim · model-written summary
At low levels, BAP stimulates nodulation in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- BAPe1
- Outcome
- nodulatione1
- Direction
- stimulatese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e1“BAP also stimulates nodulation but as its concentration is increased”
Claim · model-written summary
As BAP concentration increases, nodule number decreases in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- BAPe1
- Outcome
- nodule numbere2
- Direction
- decreasese2
- Qualifier
- as its concentration is increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e1“BAP also stimulates nodulation but as its concentration is increased”
e2“nodule number decreases”
Claim · model-written summary
In BAP-treated roots of pea, the infection threads are abnormal, twisted and knotty.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- BAPe3
- Outcome
- infection threadse3
- Qualifier
- twisted, very knotty, and generally grow in a direction parallel to the root surfacee3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e3“In BAP-treated roots, the infection threads are abnormal; they are twisted, very knotty, and generally grow in a direction parallel to the root surface”
Claim · model-written summary
The centers of cell division in the inner cortex of pea roots are very few.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- inner cortexe4
- Outcome
- centers of cell divisione4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e4“the centers of cell division in the inner cortex are very few”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP-treated Sparkle appears to phenocopy the low-nodulating pea mutant R50.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- BAPe5
- Outcome
- phenocopye5
- Comparator
- low-nodulating pea mutant R50e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e5“BAP-treated Sparkle appears to phenocopy the low-nodulating pea mutant R50”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene inhibitors did not restore nodulation in BAP-treated pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- ethylene inhibitorse7
- Outcome
- nodulatione7
- Direction
- not restorede7
- Comparator
- BAP-treated Sparklee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e7“nodulation is not restored by treating BAP-treated Sparkle with ethylene inhibitors”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors doubt a direct correlation between cytokinin and ethylene actions in reducing nodule organogenesis in pea.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- reduction in nodule organogenesise7
- Qualifier
- a direct correlation between the actions of cytokinin and ethylenee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“developmental process that leads to nodulation in the pea cv. Sparkle”
e7“it appears doubtful that there is a direct correlation between the actions of cytokinin and ethylene in causing a reduction in nodule organogenesis”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.