Abstract
SUMMARY Greenhouse‐grown soybean plants [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Davis] were exposed to simulated acid rain (pH 2.6 to 5.6) and gaseous air pollutants (SO 2 + O 3 ) to determine how effects on short‐term physiological processes are integrated into whole‐plant response. Injury to expanding leaves, characterized by marginal necrosis and leaf deformation, was induced by twice‐weekly exposure to simulated rain of pH 2.6 and to a lesser extent pH 3.4. Growth inhibition resulted only from exposure to rain of pH 2.6, and there were no significant pH x air pollution interactions. Growth analysis from periodic harvests indicated that inhibitory effects of rain of pH 2.6 were mediated through a reduction in leaf area ratio (LAR). The alteration in LAR was not attributable to reduced allocation of dry matter to leaves but to lower specific leaf area caused by leaf deformation. There were no effects of rain pH on unit leaf rate. A second experiment confirmed the lack of growth inhibition from simulated rain with pH > 3.4. Cumulative water use, a measure that integrated aspects of root size, leaf area, and physiology, was remarkably similar in plants exposed to pH 3.4, 4.2, or 5.6 simulated rain. These experiments suggest that vegetative growth of soybeans may be adversely affected by acid rain if pH is low enough to cause physical injury to leaves and loss of photosynthetic area.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Growth inhibition of soybean results only from exposure to rain of pH 2.6.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- rain of pH 2.6e1
- Outcome
- Growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e1“Growth inhibition resulted only from exposure to rain of pH 2.6”
Claim · model-written summary
Injury to expanding soybean leaves is induced by rain of pH 2.6.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rain of pH 2.6e1
- Outcome
- Injury to expanding leavese2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e1“Growth inhibition resulted only from exposure to rain of pH 2.6”
e2“Injury to expanding leaves, characterized by marginal necrosis and leaf deformation, was induced by”
Claim · model-written summary
The lack of growth inhibition from simulated rain with pH above 3.4 was confirmed in soybean.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- simulated rain with pH > 3.4e1
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione1
- Direction
- lack ofe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e1“the lack of growth inhibition from simulated rain with pH > 3.4”
Claim · model-written summary
Rain pH had no effect on soybean unit leaf rate.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rain pHe3
- Outcome
- unit leaf ratee3
- Direction
- no effectse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e3“There were no effects of rain pH on unit leaf rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitory effects of rain of pH 2.6 on soybean growth are mediated through a reduction in leaf area ratio.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- rain of pH 2.6e4
- Outcome
- inhibitory effectse4
- Qualifier
- reduction in leaf area ratio (LAR)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e4“inhibitory effects of rain of pH 2.6 were mediated through a reduction in leaf area ratio (LAR)”
Claim · model-written summary
The alteration in leaf area ratio of soybean is due to lower specific leaf area caused by leaf deformation rather than to reduced dry matter allocation to leaves.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- alteration in LARe5
- Qualifier
- lower specific leaf area caused by leaf deformatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e5“The alteration in LAR was not attributable to reduced allocation of dry matter to leaves but to lower specific leaf area caused by leaf deformation”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no significant pH x air pollution interactions in soybean growth.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- pH x air pollution interactionse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e7“there were no significant pH x air pollution interactions”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative water use of soybean was remarkably similar at pH 3.4, 4.2 or 5.6 simulated rain.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- pH 3.4, 4.2, or 5.6 simulated raine6
- Outcome
- Cumulative water usee6
- Direction
- remarkably similare6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e6“Cumulative water use, a measure that integrated aspects of root size, leaf area, and physiology, was remarkably similar in plants exposed to pH 3.4, 4.2, or 5.6 simulated rain”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth of soybean may be adversely affected by acid rain if pH is low enough to cause physical injury to leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- acid raine1
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe1
- Direction
- adversely affectede1
- Qualifier
- if pH is low enough to cause physical injury to leavese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“GROWTH ANALYSIS OF SOYBEAN EXPOSED TO SIMULATED ACID RAIN AND GASEOUS AIR POLLUTANTS”
e1“vegetative growth of soybeans may be adversely affected by acid rain if pH is low enough to cause physical injury to leaves”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.