Abstract
Common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is an aggressive annual broadleaf whose distribution is expected to increase rapidly in agricultural land in eastern Canada. Eight field experiments (four in corn and four in soybean) over a 2-yr period (2005 and 2006) were established on two Ontario farms (near Comber and Petrolia, Ontario) with waterhemp infestations to evaluate the efficacy of various PRE- and POST-emergence herbicides applied alone or in sequence for the control of waterhemp in corn and soybean. There was minimal injury (up to 3.8%) to corn and soybean from the herbicide treatments evaluated. In corn, sequential herbicide programs of isoxaflutole + atrazine PRE fb either dicamba POST, dicamba/diflufenzopyr POST, dicamba/atrazine POST or mesotrione + atrazine POST provided consistent full-season control of waterhemp. Corn yield was reduced 48% when waterhemp was not controlled. Corn yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with the herbicide treatments evaluated. In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp, however, waterhemp control was increased to 90 to 99% with the sequential herbicide programs. Dimethenamid (PRE; 1250 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST1; 900 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST2; 900 g ha -1 ) controlled waterhemp 99%. Results with waterhemp density and biomass were similar to visible control. Soybean yield was reduced 41% when waterhemp was not controlled. Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively. Key words: Waterhemp, weed control, glyphosate, corn, soybean, pre-emergence herbicide, post-emergence herbicide
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments caused minimal injury, up to 3.8%, to corn and soybean.
- Taxon
- corn and soybean
Glycine max
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Outcome
- injurye1
- Value
- up to 3.8%e1
- Qualifier
- from the herbicide treatments evaluatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“There was minimal injury (up to 3.8%) to corn and soybean from the herbicide treatments evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicide programs in corn gave consistent full-season control of waterhemp.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- sequential herbicide programse2
- Interactor
- waterhempe2weed
- Outcome
- full-season control of waterhempe2
- Direction
- consistente2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“In corn, sequential herbicide programs of isoxaflutole + atrazine PRE fb either dicamba POST, dicamba/diflufenzopyr POST, dicamba/atrazine POST or mesotrione + atrazine POST provided consistent full-season control of waterhemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield was reduced 48% when waterhemp was not controlled.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse3
- Treatment
- waterhemp was not controllede3
- Interactor
- waterhempe3weed
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 48%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Corn yield was reduced 48% when waterhemp was not controlled”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield under the herbicide treatments evaluated was equivalent to the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse4
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- equivalente4
- Comparator
- weed-free checke4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Corn yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with the herbicide treatments evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- PRE or POST herbicides alonee5
- Interactor
- waterhempe5weed
- Outcome
- control of waterhempe5
- Direction
- providede5
- Value
- 41 to 94%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp, however, waterhemp control was increased to 90 to 99% with the sequential herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential herbicide programs increased waterhemp control in soybean to 90 to 99%, compared with PRE or POST herbicides alone.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- sequential herbicide programse5
- Interactor
- waterhempe5weed
- Outcome
- waterhemp controle5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 90 to 99%e5
- Comparator
- PRE or POST herbicides alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp, however, waterhemp control was increased to 90 to 99% with the sequential herbicide programs”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethenamid PRE followed by two glyphosate POST applications controlled waterhemp 99% in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe5
- Treatment
- Dimethenamid (PRE; 1250 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST1; 900 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST2; 900 g ha -1 )e6
- Interactor
- waterhempe6weed
- Outcome
- waterhempe6
- Direction
- controllede6
- Value
- 99%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“In soybean, PRE or POST herbicides alone provided 41 to 94% control of waterhemp, however, waterhemp control was increased to 90 to 99% with the sequential herbicide programs”
e6“Dimethenamid (PRE; 1250 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST1; 900 g ha -1 ) followed by glyphosate (POST2; 900 g ha -1 ) controlled waterhemp 99%”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterhemp density and biomass results were similar to visible control.
- Taxon
- corn and soybeanGlycine maxZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- waterhemp density and biomasse7
- Qualifier
- similar to visible controle7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in corn and soybean”
e7“Results with waterhemp density and biomass were similar to visible control”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was reduced 41% when waterhemp was not controlled.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- waterhemp was not controllede0
- Interactor
- waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was reduced 41% when waterhemp was not controlled”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield under all herbicide treatments except three was equivalent to the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethenamid PRE lowered soybean yield by 30% relative to the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- dimethenamid PREe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 30e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Acifluorfen POST1 lowered soybean yield by 19% relative to the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- acifluorfen POST1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Fomesafen POST1 lowered soybean yield by 19% relative to the weed-free check.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- fomesafen POST1e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 19e0
- Comparator
- weed-free checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean yield was equivalent to the weed-free check with all the herbicide treatment except dimethenamid PRE, acifluorfen POST1 and fomesafen POST1 where the yield was 30, 19, and 19% lower, respectively”
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