Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002 at Brownstown, DeKalb, Perry, and Urbana, IL, to evaluate weed control and corn tolerance from postemergence (POST) applications of foramsulfuron in sequential and total-POST herbicide programs. Foramsulfuron applied alone controlled giant foxtail, fall panicum, and redroot pigweed 88, 99, and 99%, respectively, 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was comparable with the standard treatment of nicosulfuron. However, control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters was significantly higher with foramsulfuron compared with nicosulfuron. Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed. Of the sequential herbicide treatments, atrazine applied PRE followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided the greatest Pennsylvania smartweed control. A PRE application of either atrazine or isoxaflutole was needed before a POST application of foramsulfuron to control common lambsquarters. POST tank mixtures of foramsulfuron with atrazine, dicamba, and dicamba plus diflufenzopyr improved control of Pennsylvania smartweed, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and common waterhemp when compared with foramsulfuron applied alone. The tank mixture of foramsulfuron with mesotrione improved control of all species, except Pennsylvania smartweed, common lambsquarters, and common cocklebur. Foramsulfuron tank mixtures with carfentrazone did not improve control of any weed species to commercial acceptance. Adjuvant selection was important for POST tank mixtures. Control of giant foxtail and fall panicum was reduced when atrazine was tank mixed with foramsulfuron and crop oil concentrate (COC). However, when methylated seed oil (MSO) was added to the atrazine–foramsulfuron tank mixture instead of COC, giant foxtail and fall panicum control were similar to foramsulfuron applied alone.Nomenclature: Atrazine; carfentrazone; dicamba; diflufenzopyr, 2-[1-[[[(3,5-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]hydrazono]ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid; foramsulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidiny)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-4-(formylamino)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide; isoxaflutole; mesotrione; S-metolachlor; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANST; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. # CHEAL; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer. # AMATA; fall panicum, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. # PANDI; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herm. # SETFA; Pennsylvania smartweed, Polygonum pennsylvanicum L. # POLPY; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. # AMARE; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus # ABUTH; corn, Zea mays L.Additional index words: Antagonism, tank mixture, total-POST.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18); COC, crop oil concentrate; DAT, days after treatment; MSO, methylated seed oil; NIS, nonionic surfactant; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; UAN, urea ammonium nitrate.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron alone controlled giant foxtail by 88% at 28 days, comparably to nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Foramsulfuron applied alonee0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- controlled giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 88e0
- Qualifier
- 28 d after treatment (DAT)e0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foramsulfuron applied alone controlled giant foxtail, fall panicum, and redroot pigweed 88, 99, and 99%, respectively, 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was comparable with the standard treatment of nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron alone controlled fall panicum by 99% at 28 days, comparably to nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Foramsulfuron applied alonee0
- Interactor
- fall panicum
Panicum dichotomiflorume0weed - Outcome
- fall panicume0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 99e0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foramsulfuron applied alone controlled giant foxtail, fall panicum, and redroot pigweed 88, 99, and 99%, respectively, 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was comparable with the standard treatment of nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron alone controlled redroot pigweed by 99% at 28 days, comparably to nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Foramsulfuron applied alonee0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- 99e0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foramsulfuron applied alone controlled giant foxtail, fall panicum, and redroot pigweed 88, 99, and 99%, respectively, 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was comparable with the standard treatment of nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron controlled common cocklebur significantly better than nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- control of common cocklebure0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters was significantly higher with foramsulfuron compared with nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron controlled velvetleaf significantly better than nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- velvetleaf
Abutilon theophrastie0weed - Outcome
- velvetleafe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters was significantly higher with foramsulfuron compared with nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron controlled common lambsquarters significantly better than nicosulfuron.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weed - Outcome
- common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nicosulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control of common cocklebur, velvetleaf, and common lambsquarters was significantly higher with foramsulfuron compared with nicosulfuron”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential preemergence herbicides followed by foramsulfuron gave more than 85% giant foxtail control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- control of giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential programs gave more than 85% fall panicum control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- fall panicumPanicum dichotomiflorume0weed
- Outcome
- fall panicume0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential programs gave more than 85% common cocklebur control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- common cocklebure0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential programs gave more than 85% velvetleaf control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- velvetleafAbutilon theophrastie0weed
- Outcome
- velvetleafe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential programs gave more than 85% common waterhemp control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- common waterhempe0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential programs gave more than 85% redroot pigweed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweede0
- Direction
- greater thane0
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sequential herbicide programs of atrazine, S-metolachlor, or isoxaflutole applied preemergence (PRE) followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided greater than 85% control of giant foxtail, fall panicum, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common waterhemp, and redroot pigweed”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine followed by foramsulfuron gave the greatest Pennsylvania smartweed control among sequential treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine applied PRE followed by a POST application of foramsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Pennsylvania smartweede0weed
- Outcome
- Pennsylvania smartweed controle0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Comparator
- sequential herbicide treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the sequential herbicide treatments, atrazine applied PRE followed by a POST application of foramsulfuron provided the greatest Pennsylvania smartweed control”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence atrazine or isoxaflutole was needed before foramsulfuron to control common lambsquarters.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weed
- Outcome
- needed before a POST application of foramsulfuron to control common lambsquarterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A PRE application of either atrazine or isoxaflutole was needed before a POST application of foramsulfuron to control common lambsquarters”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron tank mixtures with atrazine, dicamba or dicamba plus diflufenzopyr improved control of five named weeds.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- POST tank mixtures of foramsulfuron with atrazine, dicamba, and dicamba plus diflufenzopyre0
- Outcome
- control of Pennsylvania smartweed, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and common waterhempe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- foramsulfuron applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POST tank mixtures of foramsulfuron with atrazine, dicamba, and dicamba plus diflufenzopyr improved control of Pennsylvania smartweed, common cocklebur, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and common waterhemp when compared with foramsulfuron applied alone”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Foramsulfuron with mesotrione improved weed control except for three species.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- foramsulfuron with mesotrionee0
- Outcome
- control of all speciese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- except Pennsylvania smartweed, common lambsquarters, and common cocklebure0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tank mixture of foramsulfuron with mesotrione improved control of all species, except Pennsylvania smartweed, common lambsquarters, and common cocklebur”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone mixtures did not improve weed control to commercial acceptance.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Foramsulfuron tank mixtures with carfentrazonee0
- Outcome
- control of any weed speciese0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foramsulfuron tank mixtures with carfentrazone did not improve control of any weed species to commercial acceptance”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine mixed with foramsulfuron and crop oil concentrate reduced giant foxtail and fall panicum control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine was tank mixed with foramsulfuron and crop oil concentrate (COC)e0
- Outcome
- Control of giant foxtail and fall panicume0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of giant foxtail and fall panicum was reduced when atrazine was tank mixed with foramsulfuron and crop oil concentrate (COC)”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
With methylated seed oil instead of crop oil concentrate, control of giant foxtail and fall panicum resembled foramsulfuron alone.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- methylated seed oil (MSO) was added to the atrazine–foramsulfuron tank mixturee0
- Outcome
- giant foxtail and fall panicum controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- foramsulfuron applied alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when methylated seed oil (MSO) was added to the atrazine–foramsulfuron tank mixture instead of COC, giant foxtail and fall panicum control were similar to foramsulfuron applied alone”
t0“Corn”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.