Abstract
An experiment was conducted at five locations in North Carolina to compare management systems utilizing glufosinate applied postemergence (POST) in glufosinate-resistant corn with standard systems of metolachlor plus atrazine preemergence (PRE) or nicosulfuron plus atrazine POST Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled common ragweed and prickly sida at least 98%, whereas sicklepod control was < 20% late in the season. Late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory was generally less with glufosinate alone than with the standard systems. However, late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard. Broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, and fall panicum were controlled similarly by glufosinate and the standards. Goosegrass control by glufosinate was similar to control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine, but it was less than control by metolachlor plus atrazine. Metolachlor applied PRE or atrazine mixed with glufosinate increased goosegrass control to that achieved with metolachlor plus atrazine. Mixing atrazine with glufosinate did not affect fall panicum control, but metolachlor PRE followed by glufosinate controlled fall panicum as well as the standards. Cultivation or ametryn applied at layby increased control when PRE or POST herbicides alone controlled weeds less than about 90%. Ametryn was generally more effective than cultivation. Glufosinate POST followed by ametryn at layby controlled sicklepod > 90% and other species > 95% late in the season. Corn yield and net returns were similar in the glufosinate and standard systems.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled common ragweed at least 98%.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- Glufosinate alone and both standard systemse0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weedt0 - Outcome
- controlled common ragweede0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled common ragweed and prickly sida at least 98%”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled prickly sida at least 98%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glufosinate alone and both standard systemse0
- Outcome
- prickly sidae0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate alone and both standard systems controlled common ragweed and prickly sida at least 98%”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sicklepod control was below 20% late in the season under these systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- sicklepod controle0
- Value
- < 20%e0
- Qualifier
- late in the seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sicklepod control was < 20% late in the season”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate alone generally gave less late-season control of four named broadleaf weeds than the standard systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinate alonee0
- Interactor
- common lambsquarters
Chenopodium albume0weedt0 - Second interactor
- smooth pigweed
Amaranthus hybriduse0weedt0 - Outcome
- Late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- pitted morningglory, and tall morningglorye0
- Comparator
- the standard systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, and tall morningglory was generally less with glufosinate alone than with the standard systems”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus atrazine controlled common lambsquarters at least 99% late in the season and matched or exceeded either standard.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazinee0
- Interactor
- common lambsquartersChenopodium albume0weedt0
- Outcome
- control of common lambsquarterse0
- Direction
- equal to or greater thane0
- Value
- 99e0
- Comparator
- either standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus atrazine controlled smooth pigweed at least 100% late in the season and matched or exceeded either standard.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazinee0
- Interactor
- smooth pigweedAmaranthus hybriduse0weedt0
- Outcome
- smooth pigweede0
- Direction
- equal to or greater thane0
- Value
- 100e0
- Comparator
- either standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus atrazine controlled pitted morningglory at least 89% late in the season and matched or exceeded either standard.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazinee0
- Outcome
- pitted morningglorye0
- Direction
- equal to or greater thane0
- Value
- 89e0
- Comparator
- either standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus atrazine controlled tall morningglory at least 93% late in the season and matched or exceeded either standard.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazinee0
- Outcome
- tall morningglorye0
- Direction
- equal to or greater thane0
- Value
- 93e0
- Comparator
- either standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate plus atrazine controlled sicklepod at least 81% late in the season and matched or exceeded either standard.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazinee0
- Outcome
- sicklepode0
- Direction
- equal to or greater thane0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Comparator
- either standarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late-season control of common lambsquarters, smooth pigweed, pitted morningglory, tall morningglory, and sicklepod by mixtures of glufosinate plus atrazine was at least 99, 100, 89, 93, and 81%, respectively, and was equal to or greater than control by either standard”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate and standard systems controlled broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass and fall panicum similarly.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- Broadleaf signalgrass
Urochloa platyphyllae0weedt0 - Outcome
- Broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, and fall panicume0
- Direction
- similarlye0
- Qualifier
- fall panicume0
- Comparator
- the standardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadleaf signalgrass, large crabgrass, and fall panicum were controlled similarly by glufosinate and the standards”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Goosegrass control with glufosinate matched nicosulfuron plus atrazine.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- Goosegrass controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- nicosulfuron plus atrazinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Goosegrass control by glufosinate was similar to control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Goosegrass control with glufosinate was below that with metolachlor plus atrazine.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- Goosegrass controle0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- metolachlor plus atrazinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Goosegrass control by glufosinate was similar to control by nicosulfuron plus atrazine, but it was less than control by metolachlor plus atrazine”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor applied preemergence increased goosegrass control to the metolachlor plus atrazine level.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Metolachlor applied PREe0
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- metolachlor plus atrazinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor applied PRE or atrazine mixed with glufosinate increased goosegrass control to that achieved with metolachlor plus atrazine”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine mixed with glufosinate increased goosegrass control to the metolachlor plus atrazine level.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine mixed with glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- goosegrass controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- metolachlor plus atrazinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor applied PRE or atrazine mixed with glufosinate increased goosegrass control to that achieved with metolachlor plus atrazine”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding atrazine to glufosinate did not change fall panicum control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Mixing atrazine with glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- fall panicum
Panicum dichotomiflorume0weedt0 - Outcome
- fall panicum controle0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mixing atrazine with glufosinate did not affect fall panicum control”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor before glufosinate controlled fall panicum as well as standard systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- metolachlor PRE followed by glufosinatee0
- Interactor
- fall panicumPanicum dichotomiflorume0weedt0
- Outcome
- controlled fall panicume0
- Direction
- as well ase0
- Comparator
- the standardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metolachlor PRE followed by glufosinate controlled fall panicum as well as the standards”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivation at layby increased weed control when herbicides alone controlled less than about 90%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Cultivatione0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- less than about 90%e0
- Comparator
- PRE or POST herbicides alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivation or ametryn applied at layby increased control when PRE or POST herbicides alone controlled weeds less than about 90%”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ametryn at layby increased weed control when herbicides alone controlled less than about 90% and was generally more effective than cultivation.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- ametryn applied at laybye0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Qualifier
- less than about 90%e0
- Comparator
- cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivation or ametryn applied at layby increased control when PRE or POST herbicides alone controlled weeds less than about 90%. Ametryn was generally more effective than cultivation”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glufosinate followed by layby ametryn controlled sicklepod above 90% and other species above 95% late in the season.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Glufosinate POST followed by ametryn at laybye0
- Outcome
- controlled sicklepode0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- > 90%e0
- Qualifier
- other species > 95% late in the seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glufosinate POST followed by ametryn at layby controlled sicklepod > 90% and other species > 95% late in the season”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield and net returns were similar between glufosinate and standard systems.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- glufosinatee0
- Outcome
- Corn yield and net returnse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- standard systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yield and net returns were similar in the glufosinate and standard systems”
t0“Weed Management in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)”
The same questions in other papers
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10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 11 papers →metolachlor · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 27 papers →atrazine · control · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
68 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 86 papers →metolachlor · Panicum dichotomiflorum · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.