Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a critical role in many aspects of plant growth and development; however, complete pathways of biosynthesis, localization and many aspects of functions of IAA in rice remain unclear. Here, we report the analysis of a rice tryptophan- (Trp-) and IAA-deficient mutant, tryptophan deficient dwarf1 (tdd1), which is embryonic lethal because of a failure to develop most organs during embryogenesis. Regenerated tdd1 plants showed pleiotropic phenotypes: dwarfing, narrow leaves, short roots and abnormal flowers. TDD1 encodes a protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunit, which catalyses the first step of the Trp biosynthesis pathway and functions upstream of Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis. TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in WT plants but was lacking in tdd1, indicating that TDD1 is involved in auxin biosynthesis. Both Trp and IAA levels in flowers and embryos were much lower in tdd1 than in wild type (WT). Trp feeding completely rescued the mutant phenotypes and moderate expression of OsYUCCA1, which encodes a key enzyme in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis, also rescued plant height and root length, indicating that the abnormal phenotypes of tdd1 are caused predominantly by Trp and IAA deficiency. In tdd1 embryos, the expression patterns of OSH1 and OsSCR, which mark the presumptive apical region and the L2 layer, respectively, are identical to those in WT, suggesting a possibility either that different IAA levels are required for basic pattern formation than for organ formation or that an orthologous gene compensates for TDD1 deficiency during pattern formation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The tdd1 mutant shows dwarfing, narrow leaves and short roots.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- tdd1e1
- Outcome
- dwarfing, narrow leaves, short rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e1“Regenerated tdd1 plants showed pleiotropic phenotypes: dwarfing, narrow leaves, short roots and abnormal flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
The tdd1 mutant develops abnormal flowers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tdd1e1
- Outcome
- abnormal flowerse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e1“Regenerated tdd1 plants showed pleiotropic phenotypes: dwarfing, narrow leaves, short roots and abnormal flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
TDD1 encodes a protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunit.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- TDD1e2
- Outcome
- protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunite2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e2“TDD1 encodes a protein homologous to anthranilate synthase beta-subunit, which catalyses the first step of the Trp biosynthesis pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Trp and IAA levels in flowers and embryos are much lower in tdd1 than in wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and embryose3
- Treatment
- tdd1e3
- Outcome
- Trp and IAA levelse3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- wild type (WT)e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e3“Both Trp and IAA levels in flowers and embryos were much lower in tdd1 than in wild type (WT)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trp feeding rescued the mutant phenotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Trp feedinge4
- Outcome
- mutant phenotypese4
- Direction
- rescuede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e4“Trp feeding completely rescued the mutant phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate expression of OsYUCCA1 rescued plant height and root length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- moderate expression of OsYUCCA1e5
- Gene
- OsYUCCA1e5
- Outcome
- plant height and root lengthe5
- Direction
- rescuede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e5“moderate expression of OsYUCCA1, which encodes a key enzyme in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis, also rescued plant height and root length”
Claim · model-written summary
The abnormal phenotypes of tdd1 are caused predominantly by Trp and IAA deficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Trp and IAAe6
- Outcome
- abnormal phenotypese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e6“indicating that the abnormal phenotypes of tdd1 are caused predominantly by Trp and IAA deficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
In tdd1 embryos, the expression patterns of OSH1 and OsSCR are identical to those in wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- embryose7
- Gene
- OSH1e7
- Outcome
- expression patternse7
- Direction
- identicale7
- Comparator
- WTe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e7“In tdd1 embryos, the expression patterns of OSH1 and OsSCR, which mark the presumptive apical region and the L2 layer, respectively, are identical to those in WT”
Claim · model-written summary
TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in wild type but was lacking in tdd1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- TDD1e7
- Outcome
- TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expressione7
- Direction
- lackinge7
- Comparator
- WT plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant”
e7“TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in WT plants but was lacking in tdd1”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
41 papers more in this group
See all 45 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.