Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a destructive disease of wheat and barley. It causes economic losses due to reduction in both yield and quality. Although FHB resistance has been well documented and resistant cultivars have been developed to reduce incidence and severity of FHB, there is a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in plant resistance against the infection and spread of F. graminearum. In the current study, 2-dimensional displays of proteins extracted from wheat spikelets infected with F. graminearum were compared with those from spikelets inoculated with sterile H2O. Fifteen protein spots were detected that were either induced (qualitatively different) or upregulated (quantitatively increased) following F. graminearum infection of spikelets of 'Ning7840', a resistant cultivar. These proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Proteins with an antioxidant function such as superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were upregulated or induced 5 d after inoculation with F. graminearum, indicating an oxidative burst of H2O2 inside the tissues infected by FHB. An ascorbate-glutathione cycle is likely involved in reduction of H2O2. Expression of proteins with highest similarity to dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5 (a glutathione S-transferase) differed following FHB infection in susceptible and resistant cultivars. A 14-3-3 protein homolog was also upregulated in FHB-infected spikelets. In addition, a PR-2 protein (beta-1, 3 glucanase) was upregulated in FHB-infected spikes, which is in accord with a previous study that analyzed transcript accumulation.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fifteen protein spots were induced or upregulated in infected resistant Ning7840 spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- 'Ning7840'e0
- Treatment
- F. graminearum infectione0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- protein spotse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- Fifteene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fifteen protein spots were detected that were either induced (qualitatively different) or upregulated (quantitatively increased) following F. graminearum infection of spikelets of 'Ning7840', a resistant cultivar.”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant proteins were upregulated or induced five days after F. graminearum inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with F. graminearume0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)e0
- Outcome
- Proteins with an antioxidant functione0
- Direction
- upregulated or inducede0
- Qualifier
- 5 d after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proteins with an antioxidant function such as superoxide dismutase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) were upregulated or induced 5 d after inoculation with F. graminearum”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred an oxidative burst of H2O2 in infected tissue.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- oxidative burst of H2O2e0
- Qualifier
- inside the tissues infected by FHBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicating an oxidative burst of H2O2 inside the tissues infected by FHB.”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
An ascorbate-glutathione cycle was proposed to reduce H2O2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- reduction of H2O2e0
- Qualifier
- ascorbate-glutathione cyclee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An ascorbate-glutathione cycle is likely involved in reduction of H2O2.”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of proteins similar to dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5 differed between susceptible and resistant cultivars after infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- susceptible and resistant cultivarse0
- Gene
- dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5e0
- Outcome
- Expression of proteinse0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of proteins with highest similarity to dehydroascorbate reductase and TaGSTF5 (a glutathione S-transferase) differed following FHB infection in susceptible and resistant cultivars.”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 14-3-3 protein homolog was upregulated in infected spikelets.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FHB-infectede0
- Gene
- 14-3-3 protein homologe0
- Outcome
- 14-3-3 protein homologe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 14-3-3 protein homolog was also upregulated in FHB-infected spikelets.”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-2 protein was upregulated in infected spikes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FHB-infectede0
- Gene
- PR-2 protein (beta-1, 3 glucanase)e0
- Outcome
- PR-2 proteine0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a PR-2 protein (beta-1, 3 glucanase) was upregulated in FHB-infected spikes”
t0“hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
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