Abstract
1. Plots containing young red kidney bean and soybean plants were sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at rates of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 gm. per sq. yd. The effects of the agent on the growth of various plant parts were studied. Linear, and fresh and dry weight measurements were obtained at several intervals following treatment. 2. Hypocotyls and first internodes increased greatly in diameter. The increase in fresh weight was due mostly to increased water content. 3. Primary leaves of treated plants were much heavier than those of controls. Those of red kidney beans remained green and attached to the plants long after those of controls had withered and fallen. 4. Total weights of trifoliate leaf blades, trifoliate leaves, and weight of plants above second node were decreased by the growth regulator. There was good correlation between decrease in weight and increase in amount of compound applied. These criteria would be excellent in studying the relative inhibitory or stimulating actions of growth regulators on red kidney beans. Ten days after treatment there were highly significant differences between controls and treated plants, and between treated plants, when fresh weights of trifoliate leaves or leaf blades were used as criteria. The differences were significant when the fresh weight of kidney bean plants above the second node was used as a criterion. With soybeans, only fresh weight of trifoliate leaf blades gave significant differences between controls and treated plants and between plants that received various rates of compound when plants were harvested 21 days after treatment. 5. The growth in length and width of certain leaflets which developed after treatment was inhibited by the growth regulator. The two higher levels of compound (0.1 or 0.01 gm. per sq. yd.) inhibited the linear growth of certain petioles. The lowest level (0.001 gm. per sq. yd.) stimulated growth in length of a soybean petiole but had little effect on a bean petiole. 6 The fresh weight of tops was decreased by the growth regulator. Heights were usually decreased but differences caused by various treatments were sometimes small. 7. The compound at rates of 0.01 and 0.1 gm. per sq. yd. decreased dry weight of roots of kidney bean, but 0.001 gm. had little effect. With soybeans the two lower rates of application significantly increased weight of roots at 16 days after treatment. However, by 21 days the weight of control roots was about the same as that of the treated plants. 8. With kidney beans there was little effect on the shoot-to-root ratio when two lower amounts of the compound were used. With soybeans, the ratio was reduced by all treatments. 9. The growth regulator delayed the onset and decreased the amount of pod formation.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Hypocotyl and internode diameter increased.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide1
- Outcome
- Hypocotyls and first internodese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Hypocotyls and first internodes increased greatly in diameter”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
e1“sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased fresh weight was mostly due to water content.
Verbatim
e0“The increase in fresh weight was due mostly to increased water content”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated primary leaves were heavier than controls.
Verbatim
e0“Primary leaves of treated plants were much heavier than those of controls”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
e1“sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated kidney bean leaves stayed green and attached longer.
- Taxon
- red kidney beanse0
- Treatment
- 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide1
- Outcome
- remained green and attached to the plantse0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Those of red kidney beans remained green and attached to the plants long after those of controls had withered and fallen”
e1“sprayed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator decreased trifoliate blades, leaves and above-node weight.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- Total weights of trifoliate leaf blades, trifoliate leaves, and weight of plants above second nodee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Total weights of trifoliate leaf blades, trifoliate leaves, and weight of plants above second node were decreased by the growth regulator”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater dose correlated with greater weight reduction.
Verbatim
e0“There was good correlation between decrease in weight and increase in amount of compound applied”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At ten days kidney bean trifoliate leaf weights differed significantly among controls and treatments.
- Taxon
- red kidney beanse1
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weights of trifoliate leaves or leaf bladese0
- Qualifier
- Ten days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Ten days after treatment there were highly significant differences between controls and treated plants, and between treated plants, when fresh weights of trifoliate leaves or leaf blades were used as criteria”
e1“red kidney beans remained green”
Claim · model-written summary
Kidney bean above-node fresh weight differed significantly.
- Taxon
- kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Outcome
- fresh weight of kidney bean plants above the second nodee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences were significant when the fresh weight of kidney bean plants above the second node was used as a criterion”
Claim · model-written summary
In soybean only trifoliate blade fresh weight differed significantly at day 21.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- various rates of compounde0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of trifoliate leaf bladese0
- Qualifier
- 21 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With soybeans, only fresh weight of trifoliate leaf blades gave significant differences between controls and treated plants and between plants that received various rates of compound when plants were harvested 21 days after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator inhibited leaflet length and width growth.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- growth in length and width of certain leafletse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The growth in length and width of certain leaflets which developed after treatment was inhibited by the growth regulator”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The two higher doses inhibited petiole linear growth.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- 0.1 or 0.01 gm. per sq. yd.e0
- Outcome
- linear growth of certain petiolese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The two higher levels of compound (0.1 or 0.01 gm. per sq. yd.) inhibited the linear growth of certain petioles”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest dose stimulated soybean petiole length.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 0.001 gm. per sq. yd.e0
- Outcome
- growth in length of a soybean petiolee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest level (0.001 gm. per sq. yd.) stimulated growth in length of a soybean petiole”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest dose had little effect on bean petiole length.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The lowest level (0.001 gm. per sq. yd.) stimulated growth in length of a soybean petiole but had little effect on a bean petiole”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator decreased top fresh weight and usually plant height.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of topse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The fresh weight of tops was decreased by the growth regulator. Heights were usually decreased”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The two higher rates decreased kidney bean root dry weight.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 0.01 and 0.1 gm. per sq. yd.e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The compound at rates of 0.01 and 0.1 gm. per sq. yd. decreased dry weight of roots of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest rate had little effect on kidney bean roots.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 0.001 gm.e0
- Outcome
- dry weight of rootse1
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but 0.001 gm. had little effect”
e1“dry weight of roots of kidney bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Two lower rates increased soybean root weight at 16 days.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- two lower rates of applicatione0
- Outcome
- weight of rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 16 days after treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With soybeans the two lower rates of application significantly increased weight of roots at 16 days after treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
By day 21 soybean control and treated root weights were similar.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- weight of control rootse0
- Direction
- about the samee0
- Qualifier
- by 21 dayse0
- Comparator
- control rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by 21 days the weight of control roots was about the same as that of the treated plants”
e1“With soybeans the two lower rates of application”
Claim · model-written summary
Bean shoot-to-root ratio changed little at lower doses while soybean ratio declined at all doses.
- Taxon
- kidney beansPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Outcome
- shoot-to-root ratioe0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With kidney beans there was little effect on the shoot-to-root ratio when two lower amounts of the compound were used. With soybeans, the ratio was reduced by all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The regulator delayed and reduced pod formation.
- Taxon
- Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plantst0
- Treatment
- growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- pod formatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The growth regulator delayed the onset and decreased the amount of pod formation”
t0“Red Kidney Bean and Soybean Plants”
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