Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is a salt-sensitive crop, and its production is severely affected by saline soils. Therefore, the response of soybean seeds to salt stress during germination was investigated at both physiological and proteomic levels. The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat. In both cultivars, the final germination percentage was not affected by salt, but the mean germination times of Lee68 and N2899 were delayed by 0.3 and 1.0 d, respectively, compared with controls. In response to salt stress, the abscisic acid content increased, and gibberellic acid (GA₁+₃) and isopentenyladenosine decreased. Indole-3-acetic acid increased in Lee68, but remained unchanged in N2899. The proteins extracted from germinated seeds were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), followed by Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 staining. About 350 protein spots from 2-DE gels of pH range 3 to 10 and 650 spots from gels of pH range 4 to 7 were reproducibly resolved, of which 18 protein spots showed changes in abundance as a result of salt stress in both cultivars. After matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins, the peptide mass fingerprint was searched against the soybean UniGene database and nine proteins were successfully identified. Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in both cultivars. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10, and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt, but still remained at a certain level. However, these proteins were present in lower levels in control N2899 and were up-regulated under salt stress. The results indicate that these proteins might have important roles in defense mechanisms against salt stress during soybean seed germination.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Salt did not affect final germination percentage in Lee68.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- Lee68e1
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cultivars, the final germination percentage was not affected by salt”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt did not affect final germination percentage in N2899.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e1
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- final germination percentagee0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cultivars, the final germination percentage was not affected by salt”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt delayed mean germination time in Lee68 by 0.3 d relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Lee68e0
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- mean germination timese0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 0.3e0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean germination times of Lee68 and N2899 were delayed by 0.3 and 1.0 d, respectively, compared with controls.”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt delayed mean germination time in N2899 by 1.0 d relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e0
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- mean germination timese0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 1.0 de0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean germination times of Lee68 and N2899 were delayed by 0.3 and 1.0 d, respectively, compared with controls.”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased soybean abscisic acid content.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to salt stress, the abscisic acid content increased, and gibberellic acid (GA₁+₃) and isopentenyladenosine decreased.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased soybean gibberellic acid and isopentenyladenosine.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- gibberellic acid (GA₁+₃) and isopentenyladenosinee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In response to salt stress, the abscisic acid content increased, and gibberellic acid (GA₁+₃) and isopentenyladenosine decreased.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Indole-3-acetic acid increased in salt-treated Lee68.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Lee68e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Indole-3-acetic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indole-3-acetic acid increased in Lee68, but remained unchanged in N2899.”
e1“In response to salt stress”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Indole-3-acetic acid remained unchanged in salt-treated N2899.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- Indole-3-acetic acide0
- Direction
- remained unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indole-3-acetic acid increased in Lee68, but remained unchanged in N2899.”
e1“In response to salt stress”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
About 350 soybean protein spots were reproducibly resolved in gels spanning pH 3 to 10.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- protein spotse0
- Value
- About 350e0
- Qualifier
- pH range 3 to 10e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 350 protein spots from 2-DE gels of pH range 3 to 10 and 650 spots from gels of pH range 4 to 7 were reproducibly resolved”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
650 soybean protein spots were reproducibly resolved in gels spanning pH 4 to 7.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- spotse0
- Value
- 650e0
- Qualifier
- pH range 4 to 7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“About 350 protein spots from 2-DE gels of pH range 3 to 10 and 650 spots from gels of pH range 4 to 7 were reproducibly resolved”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen protein spots changed abundance with salt stress in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- protein spots showed changes in abundancee0
- Value
- 18e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 protein spots showed changes in abundance as a result of salt stress in both cultivars.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine differentially expressed soybean proteins were successfully identified.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- proteins were successfully identifiede0
- Value
- ninee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins, the peptide mass fingerprint was searched against the soybean UniGene database and nine proteins were successfully identified.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in Lee68 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Lee68e1
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in both cultivars.”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in N2899 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e1
- Treatment
- 100 mmol/L NaCle1
- Outcome
- Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ferritin and 20S proteasome subunit β-6 were up-regulated in both cultivars.”
e1“The salt-tolerant cultivar Lee68 and salt-sensitive cultivar N2899 were exposed to 100 mmol/L NaCl until radicle protrusion from the seed coat.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt down-regulated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GST 9 and GST 10 in Lee68, with residual levels remaining.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Lee68e0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- still remained at a certain levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10, and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt, but still remained at a certain level.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt down-regulated seed maturation protein PM36 in Lee68, with a residual level remaining.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Lee68e0
- Treatment
- salte0
- Outcome
- seed maturation protein PM36e0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- still remained at a certain levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10, and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt, but still remained at a certain level.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Control N2899 had lower levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GST 9 and GST 10, which increased under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10e1
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- present in lower levels in control N2899e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, these proteins were present in lower levels in control N2899 and were up-regulated under salt stress.”
e1“Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10, and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt, but still remained at a certain level.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Control N2899 had lower seed maturation protein PM36 levels, which increased under salt stress.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Material
- N2899e0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- seed maturation protein PM36e1
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Qualifier
- present in lower levels in control N2899e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, these proteins were present in lower levels in control N2899 and were up-regulated under salt stress.”
e1“Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) 9, GST 10, and seed maturation protein PM36 were down-regulated in Lee68 by salt, but still remained at a certain level.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified proteins might contribute to defense against salt stress during soybean germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- defense mechanisms against salt stresse0
- Qualifier
- these proteins might have important rolese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicate that these proteins might have important roles in defense mechanisms against salt stress during soybean seed germination.”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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- negative
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.