Abstract
To evaluate the nitrogen (N) use efficiency of rice plants applied with enhanced panicle N fertilization (PN) on different planting patterns, field experiments were carried out with 5 nitrogen managements (two PN levels combined with two total N levels, and check, CK) under transplanting (TP) and direct seeded (DS). Our result showed that nitrogen use efficiency traits of physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg), and recovery efficiency (RE) of DS rice were decreased compared with TP rice, and total nitrogen accumulation (TN+N) were kept consistent between TP and DS. However, PN × PT interaction effect was significant in partial factor productive of applied N (PEP), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen translocation rate (NTR). High PN improved the AE value in DS system, but showed little effect in TP system. Oppositely, high PN decreased the PEP in TP system, while showed little effect in DS rice. The results indicated that improved PN applied in the TP system might affect the farmer's benefits without improving plant nitrogen utilization. For DS rice, though PEP was not significantly improved, but the N utilization efficiency of fertilizer uptake was enhanced. Furthermore, PE, AE, PEP, and NUEg, which were related to the performance of yield production, were significantly correlated with each other with P value <0.01. RE was correlated with all traits but NTR and NUEg with P value <0.01. NTR was correlated with NHI and NUEg with P<0.01. Results showed that NUEg was significantly correlated with PE, AE, PEP, and NTR. Considering most of the agronomic practice was carried out without zero N control, NUEg might be a practical option for farmers to evaluate the plant N fertilizer physiological use efficiency when soil texture is similar.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
physiological efficiency (PE) decreased under direct seeding compared with transplanting.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- physiological efficiency (PE)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- TPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“nitrogen use efficiency traits of physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg), and recovery efficiency (RE) of DS rice were decreased compared with TP rice”
Claim · model-written summary
nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg) decreased under direct seeding compared with transplanting.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- TPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“nitrogen use efficiency traits of physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg), and recovery efficiency (RE) of DS rice were decreased compared with TP rice”
Claim · model-written summary
recovery efficiency (RE) decreased under direct seeding compared with transplanting.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- recovery efficiency (RE)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- TPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“nitrogen use efficiency traits of physiological efficiency (PE), nitrogen use efficiency for grain (NUEg), and recovery efficiency (RE) of DS rice were decreased compared with TP rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen accumulation was consistent between transplanting and direct seeding.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DSe0
- Outcome
- total nitrogen accumulation (TN+N)e0
- Direction
- consistente0
- Comparator
- TPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“total nitrogen accumulation (TN+N) were kept consistent between TP and DS”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle nitrogen fertilization and planting pattern interacted significantly for partial factor productive of applied N (PEP).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PNe0
- Outcome
- partial factor productive of applied N (PEP)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“PN × PT interaction effect was significant in partial factor productive of applied N (PEP), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen translocation rate (NTR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle nitrogen fertilization and planting pattern interacted significantly for agronomic efficiency (AE).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PNe0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiency (AE)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“PN × PT interaction effect was significant in partial factor productive of applied N (PEP), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen translocation rate (NTR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle nitrogen fertilization and planting pattern interacted significantly for nitrogen harvest index (NHI).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PNe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen harvest index (NHI)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“PN × PT interaction effect was significant in partial factor productive of applied N (PEP), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen translocation rate (NTR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle nitrogen fertilization and planting pattern interacted significantly for nitrogen translocation rate (NTR).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- PNe0
- Outcome
- nitrogen translocation rate (NTR)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“PN × PT interaction effect was significant in partial factor productive of applied N (PEP), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) and nitrogen translocation rate (NTR)”
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle nitrogen fertilization improved agronomic efficiency in direct seeded rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“High PN improved the AE value in DS system”
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle nitrogen fertilization had little effect on agronomic efficiency in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- High PNe0
- Outcome
- AE valuee0
- Direction
- little effecte0
- Setting
- TP systeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“High PN improved the AE value in DS system, but showed little effect in TP system”
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle nitrogen fertilization decreased partial factor productivity in transplanted rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“high PN decreased the PEP in TP system”
Claim · model-written summary
High panicle nitrogen fertilization had little effect on partial factor productivity in direct seeded rice.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“high PN decreased the PEP in TP system, while showed little effect in DS rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved panicle nitrogen fertilization under transplanting could affect farmer benefits without improving nitrogen utilization.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- improved PNe0
- Outcome
- plant nitrogen utilizatione0
- Direction
- without improvinge0
- Setting
- TP systeme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“improved PN applied in the TP system might affect the farmer's benefits without improving plant nitrogen utilization”
Claim · model-written summary
In direct seeded rice, partial factor productivity did not significantly improve.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- PEPe0
- Direction
- not significantly improvede0
- Setting
- DS ricee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“For DS rice, though PEP was not significantly improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer uptake efficiency increased in direct seeded rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- N utilization efficiency of fertilizer uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“the N utilization efficiency of fertilizer uptake was enhanced”
Claim · model-written summary
Physiological efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and grain nitrogen use efficiency were mutually correlated.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- yield productione0
- Outcome
- PE, AE, PEP, and NUEge0
- Qualifier
- P value <0.01e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“PE, AE, PEP, and NUEg, which were related to the performance of yield production, were significantly correlated with each other with P value <0.01”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery efficiency was correlated with all measured traits except nitrogen translocation rate and grain nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- REe0
- Qualifier
- P value <0.01e0
- Comparator
- NTR and NUEge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“RE was correlated with all traits but NTR and NUEg with P value <0.01”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen translocation rate correlated with nitrogen harvest index and grain nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- NTRe0
- Comparator
- NHI and NUEge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“NTR was correlated with NHI and NUEg with P<0.01”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen use efficiency was recommended as a practical assessment option where soil texture is similar.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- practical option for farmers to evaluate the plant N fertilizer physiological use efficiencye0
- Qualifier
- when soil texture is similare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza Sativa)”
e0“NUEg might be a practical option for farmers to evaluate the plant N fertilizer physiological use efficiency when soil texture is similar”
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