Abstract
Applied phosphorus (P) use efficiency is generally low due to the low mobility of P in soil and its affinity to form insoluble complexes. Localized P application nearby the root zone is a potential approach to overcome this issue in crop production. However, the interaction with soil conditions is little understood, which results in less effective application of this approach. Using root-box experiments and changing P-retention capacity of soils, we revealed that applied P use efficiency of rice can be substantially improved by dipping seedlings in P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping) even in highly P-fixing soils. Spatial analysis of soluble P in soils indicated that P-dipping creates a P hotspot because the P-enriched slurry is transferred with seedling roots. The P hotspot could have induced vigorous surface root and facilitated further P uptake from the spot. In contrast, the effect of conventional P incorporation depended on P-retention capacity of soils; no increases in soluble P content in soils or plant P uptakes were observed when P-retention capacity was high. Our finding of significant interaction between localized P application and a specific soil property should help improving applied P use efficiency and achieving sustainable rice production against depleting P fertilizer resources.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
P dipping substantially improved applied phosphorus use efficiency even in highly P fixing soils.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- dipping seedlings in P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping)e0
- Outcome
- applied P use efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Setting
- highly P-fixing soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“applied P use efficiency of rice can be substantially improved by dipping seedlings in P-enriched slurry at transplanting (P-dipping) even in highly P-fixing soils”
Claim · model-written summary
P dipping created a soil P hotspot through transfer of slurry on seedling roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- P-dippinge0
- Outcome
- P hotspote0
- Qualifier
- P-enriched slurry is transferred with seedling rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P-dipping creates a P hotspot because the P-enriched slurry is transferred with seedling roots”
e1“applied P use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The P hotspot may have induced vigorous surface roots and further P uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- vigorous surface root and facilitated further P uptakee0
- Qualifier
- P hotspote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P hotspot could have induced vigorous surface root and facilitated further P uptake from the spot”
e1“applied P use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of conventional P incorporation depended on soil P retention capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- effect of conventional P incorporatione0
- Setting
- P-retention capacity of soilse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of conventional P incorporation depended on P-retention capacity of soils”
e1“applied P use efficiency of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At high soil P retention, conventional P incorporation did not increase soil soluble P.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- conventional P incorporatione1
- Outcome
- soluble P content in soilse0
- Direction
- no increasese0
- Setting
- P-retention capacity was highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no increases in soluble P content in soils or plant P uptakes were observed when P-retention capacity was high”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“conventional P incorporation”
Claim · model-written summary
At high soil P retention, conventional P incorporation did not increase plant P uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- conventional P incorporatione1
- Outcome
- plant P uptakese0
- Direction
- no increasese0
- Setting
- P-retention capacity was highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no increases in soluble P content in soils or plant P uptakes were observed when P-retention capacity was high”
t0“rice seedlings”
e1“conventional P incorporation”
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