Abstract
The physiological and biochemical factors contributing to poor grain filling of indica-japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids were studied by analyzing the role of grain sink strength in dry matter accumulation of grains of two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2 (an indica-japonica hybrid) and Yanjing 2 (a japonica cultivar). Carbon dioxide enrichment and plant hormone application were imposed at anthesis and the number of endosperm cells, dry matter accumulation and the activities of some sugar-metabolizing enzymes of grains were measured during grain filling. In Yayou 2, strong-potential grains (SPGs) accumulated dry weight much earlier than weak-potential grains (WPGs), but this difference was not obvious for Yanjing 2. Carbon dioxide enrichment imposed after heading significantly stimulated dry matter accumulation of WPGs of Yayou 2, but had little influence on WPGs of Yanjing 2 and SPGs of both cultivars. Leaf sheath dry matter decreased steadily in both cultivars during early stages of grain filling and accumulated during the later stages. Carbon dioxide enrichment increased leaf sheath dry matter. Dry matter accumulated by grains was linearly related to the increases in endosperm cell numbers and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in SPGs and WPGs of both cultivars. Application of either 6-benzyladenine or abscisic acid had no significant influences on both endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulation. These results suggest that grain sink strength, determined by both cell numbers, SS and AGPase activities in the endosperm control the dry matter accumulation of grains.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
In Yayou 2, strong-potential grains accumulated dry weight much earlier than weak-potential grains.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Yayou 2e1
- Organ / stage
- strong-potential grainse1
- Outcome
- accumulated dry weighte1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- weak-potential grainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“In Yayou 2, strong-potential grains (SPGs) accumulated dry weight much earlier than weak-potential grains (WPGs)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Yanjing 2 the difference in timing of dry weight accumulation between strong- and weak-potential grains was not obvious.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Yanjing 2e1
- Outcome
- this difference was not obviouse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2 (an indica-japonica hybrid) and Yanjing 2”
e1“this difference was not obvious for Yanjing 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment after heading significantly stimulated dry matter accumulation of weak-potential grains of Yayou 2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Yayou 2e1
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation of WPGse1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Carbon dioxide enrichment imposed after heading significantly stimulated dry matter accumulation of WPGs of Yayou 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment had little influence on weak-potential grains of Yanjing 2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Yanjing 2e1
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente1
- Outcome
- WPGs of Yanjing 2e1
- Direction
- little influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Carbon dioxide enrichment imposed after heading significantly stimulated dry matter accumulation of WPGs of Yayou 2, but had little influence on WPGs of Yanjing 2 and SPGs of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment had little influence on strong-potential grains of both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente1
- Outcome
- SPGs of both cultivarse1
- Direction
- little influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Carbon dioxide enrichment imposed after heading significantly stimulated dry matter accumulation of WPGs of Yayou 2, but had little influence on WPGs of Yanjing 2 and SPGs of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sheath dry matter decreased steadily in both cultivars during early grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- early stages of grain fillinge1
- Outcome
- Leaf sheath dry mattere1
- Direction
- decreased steadilye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Leaf sheath dry matter decreased steadily in both cultivars during early stages of grain filling”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf sheath dry matter accumulated during the later stages of grain filling in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- later stagese1
- Outcome
- Leaf sheath dry mattere1
- Direction
- accumulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Leaf sheath dry matter decreased steadily in both cultivars during early stages of grain filling and accumulated during the later stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment increased leaf sheath dry matter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Carbon dioxide enrichmente1
- Outcome
- leaf sheath dry mattere1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Carbon dioxide enrichment increased leaf sheath dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulated by grains was linearly related to increases in endosperm cell numbers.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme1
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulated by grainse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Dry matter accumulated by grains was linearly related to the increases in endosperm cell numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter accumulated by grains was linearly related to the activities of sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in strong- and weak-potential grains of both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- sucrose synthase (SS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase)e1
- Outcome
- Dry matter accumulated by grainse1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Dry matter accumulated by grains was linearly related to the increases in endosperm cell numbers and the activities of sucrose synthase (SS) and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in SPGs and WPGs of both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 6-benzyladenine had no significant influence on endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 6-benzyladeninee1
- Outcome
- endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- no significant influencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Application of either 6-benzyladenine or abscisic acid had no significant influences on both endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of abscisic acid had no significant influence on endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- abscisic acide1
- Outcome
- endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- no significant influencese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“Application of either 6-benzyladenine or abscisic acid had no significant influences on both endosperm cell number and grain dry matter accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that grain sink strength, determined by endosperm cell numbers and SS and AGPase activities, controls grain dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- endosperme1
- Gene
- SS and AGPasee1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulation of grainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two types of rice cultivars, Yayou 2”
e1“grain sink strength, determined by both cell numbers, SS and AGPase activities in the endosperm control the dry matter accumulation of grains”
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See all 159 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.