Abstract
When leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are exposed to a cold hardening temperature, a major accumulation of putrescine (6-9 times) takes place. Spermidine accumulates to a lesser extent and, conversely, spermine decreases slightly. These variations are completely reversible when plants are returned to initial growing conditions. A similar response is obtained with crowns. During cold hardening, arginine decarboxylase activity remains near its initial level while a considerable loss of activity is observed in control plants. Ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activity levels are not substantially modified by the treatment. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) also accumulates putrescine under low temperature stress, indicating that this phenomenon is not typical of cereals. The physiological significance of this accumulation of putrescine is still unexplained but the results obtained suggest the involvement of polyamines in the biochemical processes of cold hardening.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cold hardening caused major putrescine accumulation in wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- a cold hardening temperaturee0
- Outcome
- putrescinee0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
- Value
- 6-9 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are exposed to a cold hardening temperature, a major accumulation of putrescine (6-9 times) takes place.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine accumulated to a lesser extent during wheat cold hardening.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cold Hardeningt0
- Outcome
- Spermidinee0
- Direction
- accumulatese0
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spermidine accumulates to a lesser extent”
t0“Cold Hardening on the Regulation of Polyamine Levels in Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine decreased slightly during wheat cold hardening.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cold Hardeningt0
- Outcome
- sperminee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- slightlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spermine decreases slightly”
t0“Cold Hardening on the Regulation of Polyamine Levels in Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The wheat polyamine changes were reversible after return to initial growing conditions.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- returned to initial growing conditionse0
- Outcome
- These variationse0
- Direction
- reversiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These variations are completely reversible when plants are returned to initial growing conditions.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat crowns had a similar cold hardening response.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- crownse0
- Outcome
- A similar responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar response is obtained with crowns.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine decarboxylase activity remained near initial level under cold hardening while control plants lost considerable activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cold hardeninge0
- Gene
- arginine decarboxylasee0
- Outcome
- arginine decarboxylase activitye0
- Direction
- remains near its initial levele0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During cold hardening, arginine decarboxylase activity remains near its initial level while a considerable loss of activity is observed in control plants.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ornithine decarboxylase activity was not substantially modified by cold hardening in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the treatmente0
- Gene
- Ornithine decarboxylasee0
- Outcome
- Ornithine decarboxylasee0
- Direction
- not substantially modifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activity levels are not substantially modified by the treatment.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Diamine oxidase activity was not substantially modified by cold hardening in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the treatmente0
- Gene
- diamine oxidasee0
- Outcome
- diamine oxidase activity levelse0
- Direction
- not substantially modifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ornithine decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activity levels are not substantially modified by the treatment.”
t0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa accumulated putrescine under low temperature stress.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- low temperature stresse0
- Outcome
- putrescinee0
- Direction
- accumulatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) also accumulates putrescine under low temperature stress”
The same questions in other papers
in vitro · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →cold · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
49 papers more in this group
See all 53 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.