Abstract
The effect of salinity and shallow water tables (1.4 m depth) used in combination with Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) on peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch) was studied over 2 years. Under RDI management a non-saline water table contributed up to 30% of water use. A lack of control of vegetative growth in the first season indicated that a shallow water table may interfere with RDI management. A decline in tree health and growth under RDI and a non-saline water table in the following season may have resulted from salinity and/or waterlogging effects. Saline irrigation under RDI management caused an additional decline in tree growth compared with RDI under non-saline conditions, and resulted in a reduction in productivity (yield and fruit size) and increased uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions in various plant tissues. Similarly, a saline water table caused a decline in tree growth and fruit size in the first season and increased uptake of Na and C1 ions. For all treatments, accumulation of C1 in the leaves, Na and C1 in the fruit, Na in the bark and storage of Na in the butt wood and structural roots was demonstrated. Differences in mechanisms of transport of Na and C1 and the importance of older wood as a storage organ for ions are proposed. The potential for butt wood as a precise indicator of past salinity treatment is suggested. A combination of a shallow water table and moderate salinity environment was shown to present a potential health hazard for peach trees. The need for refinement of RDI management to incorporate leaching in the presence of saline irrigation and/or water tables is proposed. The management of drainage is also essential.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A non-saline water table supplied up to 30% of peach water use under RDI.
- Taxon
- peach trees
Prunus persicae1 - Treatment
- non-saline water tablee0
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Value
- up to 30%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under RDI management a non-saline water table contributed up to 30% of water use.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
First-season vegetative growth was not controlled under shallow-water-table RDI.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- lack of control of vegetative growthe0
- Qualifier
- first seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A lack of control of vegetative growth in the first season indicated that a shallow water table may interfere with RDI management.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree health and growth declined in the following season under RDI and a non-saline water table.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- RDI and a non-saline water tablee0
- Outcome
- tree health and growthe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A decline in tree health and growth under RDI and a non-saline water table in the following season”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation under RDI further reduced tree growth relative to non-saline RDI.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- Saline irrigation under RDI managemente0
- Outcome
- tree growthe0
- Direction
- declinee0
- Comparator
- RDI under non-saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline irrigation under RDI management caused an additional decline in tree growth compared with RDI under non-saline conditions”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation under RDI reduced yield and fruit size.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- Saline irrigation under RDI managemente0
- Outcome
- yield and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- RDI under non-saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline irrigation under RDI management caused an additional decline in tree growth compared with RDI under non-saline conditions, and resulted in a reduction in productivity (yield and fruit size)”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation under RDI increased sodium and chloride uptake.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- Saline irrigation under RDI managemente0
- Outcome
- uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- RDI under non-saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Saline irrigation under RDI management caused an additional decline in tree growth compared with RDI under non-saline conditions, and resulted in a reduction in productivity (yield and fruit size) and increased uptake of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions in various plant tissues.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
A saline water table reduced tree growth and fruit size in the first season.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- a saline water tablee0
- Outcome
- tree growth and fruit sizee0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a saline water table caused a decline in tree growth and fruit size in the first season”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
A saline water table increased sodium and chloride uptake.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Treatment
- a saline water tablee0
- Outcome
- uptake of Na and C1 ionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a saline water table caused a decline in tree growth and fruit size in the first season and increased uptake of Na and C1 ions.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride accumulated in leaves and fruit across treatments.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- accumulation of C1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all treatments, accumulation of C1 in the leaves, Na and C1 in the fruit”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium accumulated in fruit and bark, and was stored in butt wood and structural roots.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Organ / stage
- butt wood and structural rootse0
- Outcome
- storage of Nae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na and C1 in the fruit, Na in the bark and storage of Na in the butt wood and structural roots”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed distinct transport mechanisms for sodium and chloride.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- transport of Na and C1e0
- Qualifier
- Differences in mechanismse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in mechanisms of transport of Na and C1 and the importance of older wood as a storage organ for ions are proposed.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested butt wood as an indicator of past salinity treatment.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- butt wood as a precise indicator of past salinity treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The potential for butt wood as a precise indicator of past salinity treatment is suggested.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shallow water tables with moderate salinity posed a potential peach-tree health hazard.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae0
- Treatment
- a shallow water table and moderate salinity environmente0
- Outcome
- potential health hazarde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combination of a shallow water table and moderate salinity environment was shown to present a potential health hazard for peach trees.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed leaching in RDI management where saline irrigation or water tables occur.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- incorporate leaching in the presence of saline irrigation and/or water tablese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The need for refinement of RDI management to incorporate leaching in the presence of saline irrigation and/or water tables is proposed.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors stated that drainage management is essential.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicae1
- Outcome
- management of drainagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The management of drainage is also essential.”
e1“peach trees (Prunus persica, L. Batsch)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.