Abstract
Experiments were carried out to clarify the combined effects of shading, nitrogen supply and watering on leaf color and fruit quality in relation to the changes in chlorophyll, nitrogen and water contents in the leaves of young satsuma mandarin (cv. Miyagawa-wase) trees during the summer and autumn seasons.1. Water content in the leaves of the wet plot was definitely higher than that of the dry plot, and it was slightly greater for the shaded trees than for the non-shaded ones. Chlorophyll content in the leaves of the shaded trees was greater than that of the non-shaded ones. It was higher for the plot where a high level of nitrogen was supplied than for that plot supplied with a low level of nitrogen, and also higher for trees grown under wet conditions than for those grown under dry conditions. Among those, the chlorophyll content of the shaded trees was distinctly high. Nitrogen content in the leaves of the non-shaded trees was markedly higher in the plot supplied with high level of nitrogen than that supplied with low level. On the contrary, in the leaves of shaded trees the difference was hardly observed. Potassium content in the leaves was slightly higher for the shaded trees.2. The index of leaf color was definitely higher for shaded trees than for non-shaded trees, and the leaves of shaded trees showed a dark green color. Of the non-shaded trees, the index was higher for the plot supplied with a high level of nitrogen than for the plot supplied with a low level, and also it was higher for wet soil than for dry soil. Leaf color was most affected by light intensity, followed by nitrogen supply and then by soil moisture.3. Growth of fruits was greater for non-shaded trees than for shaded, greater for the low level of nitrogen than for the high level, and also greater for wet soil than for dry soil. In particular shading brought about an increase in droping of young fruit and distinctly inhibited growth of the fruit. The index of fruit shape was low in the shaded trees, showing a decrease in the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal diameter, and this trend was also shown on fruits grown in the dry soil. The index of fruit color was higher for non-shaded trees than for shaded, and also higher for wet soil than for dry soil. Fruit coloring was markedly delayed for shaded trees. The proportion of rind to fruit was larger for non-shaded trees than for shaded, and also larger for the plot with the high level of nitrogen than for the one with the low level. The soluble solids content in fruit juice was higher for the non-shaded than for the shaded plot and for the plot with the high level of nitrogen than for the one with the low level. The dry soil plot displayed a little higher content than the wet soil plot. The citric acid content was higher for the shaded trees than for the non-shaded, and also for the plot with the high level of nitrogen than for the low level. Such a trend was also observed for the soil moisture variable; that is, the acid content was higher for dry soil than for wet soil.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Wet conditions increased leaf water content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma Mandarin
Citrus unshiut0 - Treatment
- wet plote0
- Outcome
- Water content in the leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dry plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water content in the leaves of the wet plot was definitely higher than that of the dry plot”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade slightly increased leaf water content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- non-shaded onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was slightly greater for the shaded trees than for the non-shaded ones”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade increased leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll content in the leavese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- non-shaded onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll content in the leaves of the shaded trees was greater than that of the non-shaded ones”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- a high level of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Ite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- a low level of nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It was higher for the plot where a high level of nitrogen was supplied than for that plot supplied with a low level of nitrogen”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet conditions increased leaf chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- wet conditionse0
- Outcome
- also highere0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dry conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also higher for trees grown under wet conditions than for those grown under dry conditions”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shaded trees had distinctly high chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll content of the shaded trees was distinctly high”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen raised leaf nitrogen in unshaded trees.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- high level of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen content in the leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- non-shaded treese0
- Comparator
- low levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen content in the leaves of the non-shaded trees was markedly higher in the plot supplied with high level of nitrogen than that supplied with low level”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shade, leaf nitrogen hardly differed by nitrogen treatment.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- hardly observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the leaves of shaded trees the difference was hardly observed”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade slightly increased leaf potassium.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- Potassium content in the leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium content in the leaves was slightly higher for the shaded trees”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade increased leaf color index and produced dark green leaves.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- index of leaf colore0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-shaded treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of leaf color was definitely higher for shaded trees than for non-shaded trees, and the leaves of shaded trees showed a dark green color”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen increased leaf color index in unshaded trees.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- a high level of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- non-shaded treese0
- Comparator
- a low levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the non-shaded trees, the index was higher for the plot supplied with a high level of nitrogen than for the plot supplied with a low level”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet soil increased leaf color index.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- wet soile0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- dry soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was higher for wet soil than for dry soil”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Light intensity affected leaf color most, followed by nitrogen and moisture.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- Leaf colore0
- Qualifier
- light intensity, followed by nitrogen supply and then by soil moisturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf color was most affected by light intensity, followed by nitrogen supply and then by soil moisture”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit growth was greater without shade.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- non-shaded treese0
- Outcome
- Growth of fruitse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- shadede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of fruits was greater for non-shaded trees than for shaded”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen increased fruit growth.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- low level of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- greatere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- high levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater for the low level of nitrogen than for the high level”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Wet soil increased fruit growth.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- wet soile0
- Outcome
- greatere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- dry soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also greater for wet soil than for dry soil”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade increased young fruit drop.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shadinge0
- Outcome
- droping of young fruite0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shading brought about an increase in droping of young fruit”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade reduced fruit shape index.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- index of fruit shapee0
- Direction
- lowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of fruit shape was low in the shaded trees, showing a decrease in the ratio of the transverse to longitudinal diameter”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit color index was higher without shade and with wet soil.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- index of fruit colore0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The index of fruit color was higher for non-shaded trees than for shaded, and also higher for wet soil than for dry soil”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Shade delayed fruit coloring.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- shaded treese0
- Outcome
- Fruit coloringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit coloring was markedly delayed for shaded trees”
t0“Satsuma Mandarin Trees”
The same questions in other papers
shade · physiology: pigments · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
nitrogen · nutrient: content · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.