Abstract
The physiological effects of fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag at the primary stage of fruit enlargement were investigated in developing satsuma mandarin fruit. Compared with control fruit, the chlorophyll in peel dropped rapidly and the accumulating rate of carotenoid in peel was very slow throughout fruit development(Fig.3). The total sugar content of peel in shaded fruit was lower but the relative content of sucrose in peel was significantly higher than that in control fruit(Fig.1). Fruit shading increased the percentage of photosynthates partitioning to peel, and correspondingly decreased the percentage of photosynthates partitioned to juice sacs(Fig.4). Fruit shading also reduced the sucrose content of juice sacs in developing satsuma mandarin fruit(Fig.2). The activities of sucrose synthase(SS), invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) in peel of shaded fruit were much higher than those of control fruit, but fruit shading had almost no effects on the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzyme in juice sacs(Figs.5-7). These results indicate that in the absence of fruit photosynthesis, the sink strength of peel was strengthened by elevating activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in this tissue, thus leading to division more photosynthates to peel and corresponding decrease of sugar content in juice sacs of satsuma mandarin.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit shading rapidly lowered peel chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- Satsuma Mandarin
Citrus unshiut0 - Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll in peele0
- Direction
- dropped rapidlye0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with control fruit, the chlorophyll in peel dropped rapidly”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading lowered total peel sugar.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- total sugar content of peele0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total sugar content of peel in shaded fruit was lower”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading raised relative peel sucrose significantly.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- relative content of sucrose in peele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative content of sucrose in peel was significantly higher than that in control fruit”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading increased photosynthate partitioning to peel.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- percentage of photosynthates partitioning to peele0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit shading increased the percentage of photosynthates partitioning to peel”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced photosynthate partitioning to juice sacs.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- percentage of photosynthates partitioned to juice sacse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the percentage of photosynthates partitioned to juice sacs”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading reduced juice sac sucrose content.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- sucrose content of juice sacse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit shading also reduced the sucrose content of juice sacs”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose synthase, invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were higher in shaded peel.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge2
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose synthase(SS), invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) in peele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control fruite1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of sucrose synthase(SS), invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) in peel of shaded fruit were much higher than those of control fruit”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
e1“Compared with control fruit”
e2“fruit shading by covering fruit with two layer opaque paper bag”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid accumulated slowly in the peel throughout development.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Outcome
- accumulating rate of carotenoid in peele0
- Direction
- very slowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulating rate of carotenoid in peel was very slow throughout fruit development”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading had almost no effect on sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities in juice sacs.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Treatment
- fruit shadinge0
- Outcome
- activities of sucrose metabolizing enzyme in juice sacse0
- Direction
- almost no effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit shading had almost no effects on the activities of sucrose metabolizing enzyme in juice sacs”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute stronger peel sink strength to elevated sucrose metabolizing enzyme activities without fruit photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Satsuma MandarinCitrus unshiut0
- Gene
- sucrose metabolizing enzymese0
- Outcome
- sink strength of peele0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of fruit photosynthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of fruit photosynthesis, the sink strength of peel was strengthened by elevating activities of sucrose metabolizing enzymes in this tissue”
t0“Developing Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruit”
The same questions in other papers
shade · physiology: pigments · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
shade · molecular: metabolites · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
shade · quality: sugar starch · Citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.