Abstract
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.), a popular and economically profitable bulbous cut flower, has high demand in both Pakistan domestic and international markets on account of its attractive spikes, florets of huge forms, dazzling colors, varying sizes, and long vase life. However, its quality production is badly affected by non-uniform sprouting, poor crop stand, and old cultivars. To overcome these problems, an experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of humic acid (HA) applied along with NPK (17:17:17) and five exotic cultivars of gladiolus, 'Eminence', 'Cantate', 'Essential', 'Corveira' and 'Fado', on uniform crop stand, growth, flowering, and quality of cut gladiolus. Among HA treatments, three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development, followed by two applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting and 3-leaf stage, proved best for early and uniform sprouting, more foliage growth per plant, greater leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll contents, earlier spike emergence, greater number of florets per spike, longer stems and spikes, and greater diameter of a spike, higher flower quality, longer vase life, higher number of cormels per clump, and greater cormel diameter and weight. Plants grown without HA and NPK application (control) or application of NPK alone, applied at planting, had poor growth, reduced yield, and inferior quality. Among cultivars, 'Fado' performed best for commercial cultivation, considering the applications of HA.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK proved best for early and uniform sprouting of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorus
Gladiolus grandifloruse0 - Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- early and uniform sproutinge2
- Direction
- beste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e2“proved best for early and uniform sprouting”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased foliage growth per plant of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- foliage growth per plante3
- Direction
- moree3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e3“more foliage growth per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased leaf area of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- leaf areae4
- Direction
- greatere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e4“greater leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased total leaf chlorophyll contents of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- total leaf chlorophyll contentse4
- Direction
- greatere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e4“greater leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll contents”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK gave earlier spike emergence in gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- spike emergencee6
- Direction
- earliere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e6“earlier spike emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased the number of florets per spike of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- number of florets per spikee7
- Direction
- greatere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e7“greater number of florets per spike, longer stems and spikes, and greater diameter of a spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased the length of stems and spikes of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- stems and spikese7
- Direction
- longere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e7“greater number of florets per spike, longer stems and spikes, and greater diameter of a spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased the spike diameter of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- diameter of a spikee7
- Direction
- greatere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e7“greater number of florets per spike, longer stems and spikes, and greater diameter of a spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK gave higher flower quality of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- flower qualitye5
- Direction
- highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e5“higher flower quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK gave longer vase life of cut gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- vase lifee2
- Direction
- longere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e2“longer vase life”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased the number of cormels per clump of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- number of cormels per clumpe2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e2“higher number of cormels per clump, and greater cormel diameter and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Three applications of HA and NPK increased cormel diameter and weight of gladiolus.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- three applications of HA and NPKe1
- Outcome
- cormel diameter and weighte2
- Direction
- greatere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e1“three applications of HA and NPK, applied at planting, 3-leaf, and 6-leaf stages of plant development”
e2“higher number of cormels per clump, and greater cormel diameter and weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying NPK alone at planting gave poor growth of gladiolus compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- application of NPK alone, applied at plantinge2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- poore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e2“Plants grown without HA and NPK application (control) or application of NPK alone, applied at planting, had poor growth, reduced yield, and inferior quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying NPK alone at planting reduced yield of gladiolus compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- application of NPK alone, applied at plantinge2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e2“Plants grown without HA and NPK application (control) or application of NPK alone, applied at planting, had poor growth, reduced yield, and inferior quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying NPK alone at planting gave inferior quality of gladiolus compared with the control.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Treatment
- application of NPK alone, applied at plantinge2
- Outcome
- qualitye2
- Direction
- inferiore2
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e2“Plants grown without HA and NPK application (control) or application of NPK alone, applied at planting, had poor growth, reduced yield, and inferior quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Among the five cultivars, 'Fado' performed best for commercial cultivation when humic acid was applied.
- Taxon
- Gladiolus grandiflorusGladiolus grandifloruse0
- Material
- Fadoe2
- Outcome
- performed best for commercial cultivatione2
- Qualifier
- considering the applications of HAe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)”
e2“Among cultivars, 'Fado' performed best for commercial cultivation, considering the applications of HA”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.