Abstract
To investigate the interrelationship between polyamine and ethylene, apple fruits ( Malus domestica Borkh.) were treated with 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP). Without 1‐MCP treatment, ethylene production of apple fruits rapidly increased to maximum level at 4 days after treatment (DAT) and kept its level until 21 DAT, then gradually decreased. Accordingly, fruit firmness was progressively reduced until 26 DAT. On the other hand, ethylene production in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits was almost completely repressed until 21 DAT, retaining fruit firmness. This ethylene inhibition by 1‐MCP was accompanied by the reduction of transcript accumulations for 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase ( ACS ) and ACC oxidase ( ACO ). The expression of MdSAMDC1 showed no differences between 1‐MCP‐treated and control fruits, whereas that of MdSAMDC2 was rather repressed in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits compared with the control. There were no statistically significant differences of free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) titers between fruits with and without 1‐MCP treatment; however, Spd titer in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits temporally increased in the early DAT, then was adjusted to similar level as that in control, whereas Spm level was always higher in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits than in the control, indicating that Spd may be under a tight homeostatic regulation, whereas Spm may not. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the antagonistic relationships between polyamine and ethylene might exist transiently in the early days after 1‐MCP treatment, but disappear later possibly because of the polyamine homeostasis mechanism and the extension of apple shelf life by 1‐MCP might be owed little to the role of polyamines and be mainly ascribed to the inhibitory effects of ethylene on modulation of all wall.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Without 1-MCP, ethylene production peaked at 4 DAT and stayed high until 21 DAT.
- Taxon
- apple fruits
Malus domesticae0 - Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increased to maximume0
- Qualifier
- Without 1‐MCP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without 1‐MCP treatment, ethylene production of apple fruits rapidly increased to maximum level at 4 days after treatment (DAT) and kept its level until 21 DAT, then gradually decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Control fruit firmness declined until 26 DAT.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- progressively reducede0
- Qualifier
- until 26 DATe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit firmness was progressively reduced until 26 DAT.”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP nearly completely suppressed ethylene production until 21 DAT.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- almost completely repressede0
- Qualifier
- until 21 DATe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene production in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits was almost completely repressed until 21 DAT, retaining fruit firmness.”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP retained fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- retaininge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene production in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits was almost completely repressed until 21 DAT, retaining fruit firmness.”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced ACS transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCPe1
- Gene
- ACSe0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulationse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of transcript accumulations for 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase ( ACS ) and ACC oxidase ( ACO )”
t0“apple fruits”
e1“This ethylene inhibition by 1‐MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
1-MCP reduced ACO transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCPe1
- Gene
- ACOe0
- Outcome
- transcript accumulationse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction of transcript accumulations for 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase ( ACS ) and ACC oxidase ( ACO )”
t0“apple fruits”
e1“This ethylene inhibition by 1‐MCP”
Claim · model-written summary
MdSAMDC1 expression did not differ between treated and control fruit.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Gene
- MdSAMDC1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- control fruitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of MdSAMDC1 showed no differences between 1‐MCP‐treated and control fruits”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
MdSAMDC2 expression was repressed by 1-MCP.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Gene
- MdSAMDC2e0
- Outcome
- MdSAMDC2e0
- Direction
- repressede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MdSAMDC2 was rather repressed in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits compared with the control.”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Free spermidine titers did not differ significantly overall.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- free spermidine (Spd)e0
- Direction
- no statistically significant differencese0
- Comparator
- without 1‐MCP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no statistically significant differences of free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) titers between fruits with and without 1‐MCP treatment”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Free spermine titers did not differ significantly overall.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- spermine (Spm) titerse0
- Direction
- no statistically significant differencese0
- Comparator
- without 1‐MCP treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no statistically significant differences of free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) titers between fruits with and without 1‐MCP treatment”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermidine rose temporarily early after 1-MCP before returning to control levels.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Outcome
- Spd titere0
- Direction
- temporally increasede0
- Qualifier
- early DATe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spd titer in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits temporally increased in the early DAT, then was adjusted to similar level as that in control”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Spermine was always higher in 1-MCP-treated fruit.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP‐treatede0
- Outcome
- Spm levele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spm level was always higher in 1‐MCP‐treated fruits than in the control”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer a transient early antagonism of polyamines and ethylene.
- Taxon
- apple fruitsMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCP treatmente0
- Outcome
- antagonistic relationships between polyamine and ethylenee0
- Qualifier
- transiently in the early dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antagonistic relationships between polyamine and ethylene might exist transiently in the early days after 1‐MCP treatment”
t0“apple fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors ascribe extended shelf life mainly to ethylene inhibition.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 1‐MCPe0
- Outcome
- extension of apple shelf lifee0
- Qualifier
- inhibitory effects of ethylenee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extension of apple shelf life by 1‐MCP might be owed little to the role of polyamines and be mainly ascribed to the inhibitory effects of ethylene on modulation of all wall.”
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