Abstract
Mesophyll protoplasts from leaves of well-fertilized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants contained amino acids at concentrations as high as 120 millimoles per liter. With the exception of glutamic acid, which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, a major part of all other amino acids was contained inside the large central vacuole. Alanine, leucine, and glutamine are the dominant vacuolar amino acids in barley. Their transport into isolated vacuoles was studied using (14)C-labeled amino acids. Uptake was slow in the absence of ATP. A three- to sixfold stimulation of uptake was observed after addition of ATP or adenylyl imidodiphosphate an ATP analogue not being hydrolyzed by ATPases. Other nucleotides were ineffective in increasing the rate of uptake. ATP-Stimulated amino acid transport was not dependent on the transtonoplast pH or membrane potential. p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and n-ethyl maleimide increased transport independently of ATP. Neutral amino acids such as valine or leucine effectively decreased the rate of alanine transport. Glutamine and glycine were less effective or not effective as competitive inhibitors of alanine transport. The results indicate the existence of a uniport translocator specific for neutral or basic amino acids that is under control of metabolic effectors.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Barley mesophyll protoplasts contained amino acids at concentrations up to 120 millimoles per liter.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Organ / stage
- Mesophyll protoplastse0
- Outcome
- amino acidse0
- Value
- 120 millimoles per litere0
- Qualifier
- well-fertilizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e0“Mesophyll protoplasts from leaves of well-fertilized barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants contained amino acids at concentrations as high as 120 millimoles per liter”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamic acid is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of barley mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- cytoplasme1
- Outcome
- glutamic acide1
- Qualifier
- predominantly localizede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e1“With the exception of glutamic acid, which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, a major part of all other amino acids was contained inside the large central vacuole”
Claim · model-written summary
A major part of all other amino acids is contained inside the large central vacuole of barley mesophyll cells.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- large central vacuolee1
- Outcome
- a major part of all other amino acidse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e1“With the exception of glutamic acid, which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, a major part of all other amino acids was contained inside the large central vacuole”
Claim · model-written summary
Alanine, leucine and glutamine are the dominant vacuolar amino acids in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Alanine, leucine, and glutaminee2
- Qualifier
- dominant vacuolar amino acidse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e2“Alanine, leucine, and glutamine are the dominant vacuolar amino acids in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
ATP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate stimulated amino acid uptake into barley vacuoles three- to sixfold compared with no ATP.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- addition of ATP or adenylyl imidodiphosphatee4
- Outcome
- uptakee4
- Direction
- stimulatione4
- Value
- three- to sixfolde4
- Comparator
- absence of ATPe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e3“Uptake was slow in the absence of ATP”
e4“A three- to sixfold stimulation of uptake was observed after addition of ATP or adenylyl imidodiphosphate an ATP analogue not being hydrolyzed by ATPases”
Claim · model-written summary
Other nucleotides did not increase the rate of amino acid uptake into barley vacuoles.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Other nucleotidese5
- Outcome
- rate of uptakee5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e5“Other nucleotides were ineffective in increasing the rate of uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
ATP-stimulated amino acid transport into barley vacuoles does not depend on transtonoplast pH or membrane potential.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- ATP-Stimulated amino acid transporte6
- Qualifier
- not dependent on the transtonoplast pH or membrane potentiale6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“ATP-Stimulated amino acid transport was not dependent on the transtonoplast pH or membrane potential”
Claim · model-written summary
p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid increased amino acid transport independently of ATP.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acide7
- Outcome
- transporte7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- independently of ATPe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e7“p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and n-ethyl maleimide increased transport independently of ATP”
Claim · model-written summary
n-Ethyl maleimide increased amino acid transport independently of ATP.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- n-ethyl maleimidee7
- Outcome
- transporte7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- independently of ATPe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e7“p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and n-ethyl maleimide increased transport independently of ATP”
Claim · model-written summary
Neutral amino acids such as valine or leucine decreased the rate of alanine transport.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Neutral amino acids such as valine or leucinee4
- Outcome
- rate of alanine transporte4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e4“Neutral amino acids such as valine or leucine effectively decreased the rate of alanine transport”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine was less effective or not effective as a competitive inhibitor of alanine transport.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Glutaminee5
- Outcome
- alanine transporte5
- Direction
- less effective or not effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e5“Glutamine and glycine were less effective or not effective as competitive inhibitors of alanine transport”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine was less effective or not effective as a competitive inhibitor of alanine transport.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- glycinee5
- Outcome
- alanine transporte5
- Direction
- less effective or not effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e5“Glutamine and glycine were less effective or not effective as competitive inhibitors of alanine transport”
Claim · model-written summary
The results indicate a uniport translocator specific for neutral or basic amino acids in barley vacuoles, controlled by metabolic effectors.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- existence of a uniport translocatore6
- Qualifier
- specific for neutral or basic amino acidse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley Mesophyll Protoplasts”
e6“The results indicate the existence of a uniport translocator specific for neutral or basic amino acids that is under control of metabolic effectors”