Abstract
Plant root systems display considerable plasticity in response to endogenous and environmental signals. Auxin stimulates pericycle cells within elongating primary roots to enter de novo organogenesis, leading to the establishment of new lateral root meristems. Crosstalk between auxin and ethylene in root elongation has been demonstrated, but interactions between these hormones in root branching are not well characterized. We find that enhanced ethylene synthesis, resulting from the application of low concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), promotes the initiation of lateral root primordia. Treatment with higher doses of ACC strongly inhibits the ability of pericycle cells to initiate new lateral root primordia, but promotes the emergence of existing lateral root primordia: behaviour that is also seen in the eto1 mutation. These effects are correlated with decreased pericycle cell length and increased lateral root primordia cell width. When auxin is applied simultaneously with ACC, ACC is unable to prevent the auxin stimulation of lateral root formation in the root tissues formed prior to ACC exposure. However, in root tissues formed after transfer to ACC, in which elongation is reduced, auxin does not rescue the ethylene inhibition of primordia initiation, but instead increases it by several fold. Mutations that block auxin responses, slr1 and arf7 arf19, render initiation of lateral root primordia insensitive to the promoting effect of low ethylene levels, and mutations that inhibit ethylene-stimulated auxin biosynthesis, wei2 and wei7, reduce the inhibitory effect of higher ethylene levels, consistent with ethylene regulating root branching through interactions with auxin.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low ACC promoted lateral root primordium initiation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- low concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- initiation of lateral root primordiae0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of low concentrations of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), promotes the initiation of lateral root primordia”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ACC inhibited new primordium initiation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- higher doses of ACCe0
- Outcome
- ability of pericycle cells to initiate new lateral root primordiae0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with higher doses of ACC strongly inhibits the ability of pericycle cells to initiate new lateral root primordia”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ACC promoted emergence of existing primordia.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- higher doses of ACCe0
- Outcome
- emergence of existing lateral root primordiae0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with higher doses of ACC strongly inhibits the ability of pericycle cells to initiate new lateral root primordia, but promotes the emergence of existing lateral root primordia”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The eto1 mutation showed the high ACC initiation and emergence behavior.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- eto1 mutatione0
- Outcome
- behavioure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“behaviour that is also seen in the eto1 mutation”
e1“Treatment with higher doses of ACC strongly inhibits the ability of pericycle cells to initiate new lateral root primordia, but promotes the emergence of existing lateral root primordia: behaviour that is also seen in the eto1 mutation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC effects correlated with shorter pericycle cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- pericycle celle0
- Outcome
- pericycle cell lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects are correlated with decreased pericycle cell length”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC effects correlated with wider lateral root primordium cells.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- lateral root primordiae0
- Outcome
- lateral root primordia cell widthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These effects are correlated with decreased pericycle cell length and increased lateral root primordia cell width”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC did not prevent auxin stimulation of lateral roots in tissue formed before ACC exposure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- auxin stimulation of lateral root formatione0
- Qualifier
- root tissues formed prior to ACC exposuree0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC is unable to prevent the auxin stimulation of lateral root formation in the root tissues formed prior to ACC exposure”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
In new tissue exposed to ACC, auxin increased inhibition of primordium initiation severalfold.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Outcome
- ethylene inhibition of primordia initiatione0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- several folde0
- Qualifier
- root tissues formed after transfer to ACCe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin does not rescue the ethylene inhibition of primordia initiation, but instead increases it by several fold”
e1“root tissues formed after transfer to ACC, in which elongation is reduced”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
slr1 and arf7 arf19 mutations made primordium initiation insensitive to low ethylene promotion.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- slr1 and arf7 arf19e0
- Treatment
- low ethylene levelse0
- Outcome
- initiation of lateral root primordia insensitivee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations that block auxin responses, slr1 and arf7 arf19, render initiation of lateral root primordia insensitive to the promoting effect of low ethylene levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
wei2 and wei7 mutations reduced inhibition by higher ethylene levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- wei2 and wei7e0
- Treatment
- higher ethylene levelse0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mutations that inhibit ethylene-stimulated auxin biosynthesis, wei2 and wei7, reduce the inhibitory effect of higher ethylene levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The mutation results support ethylene regulation of root branching through auxin interaction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- root branchinge0
- Qualifier
- interactions with auxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“consistent with ethylene regulating root branching through interactions with auxin”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.