Abstract
We examined the effect on etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings of a wide variety of factors that are known to induce ethylene in other plant tissues. Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid and cupric ion were found to highly elevate ethylene production in these seedlings, but several other signaling compounds, as well as wounding and mechanical stimulation, had little or no effect. A mutant that disrupts the ACS5 gene ( cin5 ) was partially defective in the induction of ethylene in the presence of brassinosteroids, suggesting a role for this isoform in mediating this response. Cytokinin displayed a synergistic interaction with both brassinosteroid and auxin, while the other interactions tested were essentially additive. Auxin and cytokinin have been shown to act synergistically to elevate ethylene biosynthesis in many other plant tissues. We show that the synergism between cytokinin and auxin in Arabidopsis is due to an enhancement of the effects of auxin, but not by increased elevation of ACS4 mRNA levels. These results suggest that cytokinin acts post‐transcriptionally to increase ACS4 function, which, coupled with the observation that auxin elevates ACS4 mRNA levels, accounts for the synergistic interaction.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid and cupric ion elevated ethylene production.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid and cupric ione0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- highly elevatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroid and cupric ion were found to highly elevate ethylene production in these seedlings”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Other signaling compounds, wounding and mechanical stimulation had little or no effect on ethylene production.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- wounding and mechanical stimulatione0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several other signaling compounds, as well as wounding and mechanical stimulation, had little or no effect”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The cin5 mutant was partly defective in brassinosteroid induction of ethylene.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- cin5e0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroidse0
- Gene
- ACS5e0
- Outcome
- induction of ethylenee0
- Direction
- partially defectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A mutant that disrupts the ACS5 gene ( cin5 ) was partially defective in the induction of ethylene in the presence of brassinosteroids”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin acted synergistically with brassinosteroid on ethylene production.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Cytokinine0
- Outcome
- synergistic interactione0
- Comparator
- brassinosteroide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytokinin displayed a synergistic interaction with both brassinosteroid and auxin”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin acted synergistically with auxin on ethylene production.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Cytokinine0
- Outcome
- synergistic interactione0
- Comparator
- auxine0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cytokinin displayed a synergistic interaction with both brassinosteroid and auxin”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Other tested interactions were essentially additive.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- interactions tested were essentially additivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the other interactions tested were essentially additive”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin-enhanced auxin effects account for the synergism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- synergism between cytokinin and auxine0
- Qualifier
- enhancement of the effects of auxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synergism between cytokinin and auxin in Arabidopsis is due to an enhancement of the effects of auxin”
Claim · model-written summary
Synergism did not involve increased ACS4 mRNA levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- ACS4e0
- Outcome
- ACS4 mRNA levelse0
- Direction
- not by increased elevatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not by increased elevation of ACS4 mRNA levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin is suggested to increase ACS4 function post-transcriptionally.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- cytokinine0
- Gene
- ACS4e0
- Outcome
- ACS4 functione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytokinin acts post‐transcriptionally to increase ACS4 function”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin elevates ACS4 mRNA levels.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- auxine0
- Gene
- ACS4e0
- Outcome
- ACS4 mRNA levelse0
- Direction
- elevatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“auxin elevates ACS4 mRNA levels”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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