Abstract
Abstract On soils lacking in water-soluble sulphur, the sulphur fertilization of winter wheat, in general, increases the yields. There are not sufficient investigations about the influence of sulphur on the quality of yield. The objective of this work was to investigate the content and quality of protein in wheat grain depending on sulphur fertilization. The present study relies on field trials conducted on two different soils during 2004–2009. Sulphur was applied with NS-fertilizer Axan or Axan Super at the rate of S 10 or 13.6 kg ha−1 accompanied by a nitrogen background of N 100 kg ha−1. The rates of N- and NS-fertilizers were divided and applied at the beginning and at the end of tillering. At harvest, the grain samples from trial variants in four replications were taken, and the contents of crude protein, wet gluten, amino acids (lysine, threonine, cysteine, methionine) and gluten index in wheat grain were determined. Besides, the contents of amino acids were recalculated on their concentrations in protein. The protein and wet gluten contents in grain varied significantly depending on weather conditions of the trial years. On break-stony soil, sulphur increased the yield by 1.16 t ha−1 on average, i.e. by 21.7%. With increasing yields the protein and wet gluten concentrations in grain decreased. Under the influence of sulphur, the gluten index increased significantly – from 58 to 74, i.e. by 27.6%. In 2004 and 2005, sulphur increased the cysteine and methionine content in wheat grain. Although sulphur application in many cases decreased the protein and wet gluten contents in wheat grain, it improved the biological quality of protein because the concentrations of above-mentioned amino acids recalculated on their concentrations in protein increased significantly. The sulphur application in pseudopodzolic soil had a weaker effect on the grain quality than in break-stony soil.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Yearly weather significantly affected grain protein and wet gluten content.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Outcome
- protein and wet gluten contents in graine0
- Setting
- weather conditions of the trial yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The protein and wet gluten contents in grain varied significantly depending on weather conditions of the trial years”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased yield on break-stony soil by 1.16 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1.16 t ha−1e0
- Setting
- break-stony soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On break-stony soil, sulphur increased the yield by 1.16 t ha−1 on average, i.e. by 21.7%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher yields accompanied lower grain protein and wet gluten concentrations.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- protein and wet gluten concentrations in graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- increasing yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With increasing yields the protein and wet gluten concentrations in grain decreased”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur significantly increased gluten index from 58 to 74.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Outcome
- gluten indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.6%e0
- Qualifier
- from 58 to 74e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the influence of sulphur, the gluten index increased significantly – from 58 to 74, i.e. by 27.6%”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased grain cysteine and methionine in 2004 and 2005.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Outcome
- cysteine and methionine content in wheat graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2004 and 2005e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2004 and 2005, sulphur increased the cysteine and methionine content in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur often decreased grain protein and wet gluten content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulphur applicatione0
- Outcome
- protein and wet gluten contents in wheat graine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in many casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulphur application in many cases decreased the protein and wet gluten contents in wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur significantly increased amino-acid concentrations recalculated to protein.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphur applicatione1
- Outcome
- concentrations of above-mentioned amino acids recalculated on their concentrations in proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentrations of above-mentioned amino acids recalculated on their concentrations in protein increased significantly”
e1“Although sulphur application in many cases”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur affected grain quality less on pseudopodzolic than break-stony soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- weaker effecte0
- Comparator
- break-stony soile0
- Setting
- pseudopodzolic soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sulphur application in pseudopodzolic soil had a weaker effect on the grain quality than in break-stony soil”
t0“winter wheat”
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