Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that the NSvc4 protein of Rice stripe virus (RSV) functions as a cell-to-cell movement protein. However, the mechanisms whereby RSV traffics through plasmodesmata (PD) are unknown. Here we provide evidence that the NSvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall PD. Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered NSvc4 localization to PD, thus impeding RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence analyses and deletion mutagenesis experiment revealed that the N-terminal 125 amino acids (AAs) of the NSvc4 determine PD targeting and that a transmembrane domain spanning AAs 106-125 is critical for PD localization. We also found that the NSvc4 protein can localize to chloroplasts in infected cells. Analyses using deletion mutants revealed that the N-terminal 73 AAs are essential for chloroplast localization. Furthermore, expression of NSvc4 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in more severe disease symptoms than PVX alone in systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves. Expression of NSvc4 in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells did not elicit tubule formation, but instead resulted in punctate foci at the plasma membrane. These findings shed new light on our understanding of the movement mechanisms whereby RSV infects host plants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NSvc4 trafficked on actin filaments and the endoplasmic reticulum, but not microtubules, toward plasmodesmata.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianat0 - Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall PDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NSvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall PD”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytoskeleton disruption altered NSvc4 localization to plasmodesmata.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- RSVe0pathogen
- Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- NSvc4 localization to PDe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered NSvc4 localization to PD, thus impeding RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytoskeleton disruption impeded RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitorse0
- Interactor
- RSVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- RSV infectione0
- Direction
- impedinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered NSvc4 localization to PD, thus impeding RSV infection of Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-terminal 125 amino acids of NSvc4 determined plasmodesmata targeting.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- determine PD targetinge0
- Qualifier
- N-terminal 125 amino acids (AAs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N-terminal 125 amino acids (AAs) of the NSvc4 determine PD targeting”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
Claim · model-written summary
The NSvc4 transmembrane domain spanning amino acids 106–125 was critical for plasmodesmata localization.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NSvc4t1
- Outcome
- critical for PD localizatione0
- Qualifier
- a transmembrane domain spanning AAs 106-125e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a transmembrane domain spanning AAs 106-125 is critical for PD localization”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
Claim · model-written summary
NSvc4 localized to chloroplasts in infected cells.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- localize to chloroplasts in infected cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NSvc4 protein can localize to chloroplasts in infected cells”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
Claim · model-written summary
The N-terminal 73 amino acids were essential for NSvc4 chloroplast localization.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NSvc4t1
- Outcome
- essential for chloroplast localizatione0
- Qualifier
- N-terminal 73 AAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the N-terminal 73 AAs are essential for chloroplast localization”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
Claim · model-written summary
NSvc4 expression from a PVX vector caused more severe symptoms than PVX alone in N. benthamiana leaves.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- expression of NSvc4 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vectore0
- Interactor
- Potato virus X (PVX)Potato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- disease symptomse0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- PVX alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of NSvc4 from a Potato virus X (PVX) vector resulted in more severe disease symptoms than PVX alone in systemically infected N. benthamiana leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
NSvc4 expression in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells produced punctate plasma membrane foci without tubules.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianat0
- Gene
- NSvc4e0
- Outcome
- punctate foci at the plasma membranee0
- Qualifier
- Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of NSvc4 in Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells did not elicit tubule formation, but instead resulted in punctate foci at the plasma membrane”
t0“Nicotiana benthamiana”
t1“NSvc4”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.