Abstract
Crop Fe deficiency is a worldwide problem. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of foliar Fe applications in two species grown in different environments: peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees grown in the field and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. "Orbis") grown in hydroponics. The distal half of Fe-deficient, chlorotic leaves was treated with Fe sulfate by dipping and using a brush in peach trees and sugar beet plants, respectively. The re-greening of the distal (Fe-treated) and basal (untreated) leaf areas was monitored, and the nutrient and photosynthetic pigment composition of the two areas were also determined. Leaves were also studied using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, low temperature-scanning electron microscopy microanalysis, scanning transmission ion microscopy-particle induced X-ray emission and Perls Fe staining. The distal, Fe-treated leaf parts of both species showed a significant increase in Fe concentrations (across the whole leaf volume) and marked re-greening, with significant increases in the concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments, as well as decreases in de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids and increases in photochemical efficiency. In the basal, untreated leaf parts, Fe concentrations increased slightly, but little re-greening occurred. No changes in the concentrations of other nutrients were found. Foliar Fe fertilization was effective in re-greening treated leaf areas both in peach trees and sugar beet plants. Results indicate that the effects of foliar Fe-sulfate fertilization in Fe-deficient, chlorotic leaves were minor outside the leaf surface treated, indicating that Fe mobility within the leaf is a major constraint for full fertilizer effectiveness in crops where Fe-deficiency is established and leaf chlorosis occurs.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar iron treatment increased Fe concentrations in treated leaf areas of peach and sugar beet.
- Taxon
- peach trees
Prunus persicat0 - Organ / stage
- leaf partse0
- Treatment
- Fe-treatede0
- Outcome
- Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distal, Fe-treated leaf parts of both species showed a significant increase in Fe concentrations (across the whole leaf volume)”
t0“peach trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated distal leaf areas re-greened markedly.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Fe-treatede0
- Outcome
- re-greeninge0
- Direction
- markede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The distal, Fe-treated leaf parts of both species showed a significant increase in Fe concentrations (across the whole leaf volume) and marked re-greening”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic pigment concentrations increased significantly in treated leaf areas.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilization with iron sulfatet0
- Outcome
- concentrations of all photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increases in the concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments”
t0“foliar fertilization with iron sulfate in chlorotic leaves are limited to the treated area. A study with peach trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Xanthophyll cycle carotenoid de-epoxidation decreased in treated leaf areas.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilization with iron sulfatet0
- Outcome
- de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle carotenoidse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreases in de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids”
t0“foliar fertilization with iron sulfate in chlorotic leaves are limited to the treated area. A study with peach trees (Prunus persica L. Batsch) grown in the field and sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Photochemical efficiency increased in treated leaf areas.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicat0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilization with iron sulfatet0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in photochemical efficiency”
t0“foliar fertilization with iron sulfate in chlorotic leaves are limited to the treated area. A study with peach trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe concentrations rose slightly in untreated basal leaf parts.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- basal, untreated leaf partse0
- Outcome
- Fe concentrationse0
- Direction
- increased slightlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the basal, untreated leaf parts, Fe concentrations increased slightly, but little re-greening occurred”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated basal leaf parts showed little re-greening.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicat0
- Organ / stage
- basal, untreated leaf partse0
- Outcome
- re-greeninge0
- Direction
- littlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the basal, untreated leaf parts, Fe concentrations increased slightly, but little re-greening occurred”
t0“peach trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Other nutrient concentrations did not change.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- concentrations of other nutrientse0
- Direction
- No changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No changes in the concentrations of other nutrients were found”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred that limited within-leaf Fe mobility constrains fertilizer effectiveness.
- Taxon
- peach treesPrunus persicat0
- Outcome
- fertilizer effectivenesse0
- Qualifier
- Fe mobility within the leafe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe mobility within the leaf is a major constraint for full fertilizer effectiveness in crops where Fe-deficiency is established and leaf chlorosis occurs”
t0“peach trees”
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See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.