Abstract
Aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). EPS induced by AlCl(3) appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin (JD Walton, ED Earle [1985] Planta 165: 407-415). Al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts, but maximum EPS production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at pH 6.0. As measured by incorporation of [(14)C]glucose, AlCl(3) stimulated EPS production 10- to 15- fold. Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximide prevented EPS production but not cell death in response to AlCl(3), indicating that protein synthesis was necessary for EPS production but not for the phytotoxicity of Al ions. The trivalent salts of Y, Yb, Gd, and In also induced EPS production but those of Sc, Fe, Ga, Cr, and La did not. Mesophyll protoplasts from an acid-soil tolerant oat cultivar, Coker 83-23, produced less EPS in response to AlCl(3) than the acid-soil sensitive cultivar Fla 501. EPS was also produced by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) protoplasts in response to AlCl(3). An Al-tolerant cultivar of wheat, Atlas, produced less EPS than an Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout, but an Al-tolerant cultivar of barley, Dayton, produced more than the Al-sensitive cultivar Kearney. Therefore, production of EPS by protoplasts in response to Al ions did not appear to be related to Al ion tolerance at the level of whole plants. EPS fluoresced in the presence of Calcofluor and Sirofluor and was degraded by purified laminarinase [(1-->3)beta-d-glucanase] but not pectinase (polygalacturonase). EPS was composed solely of glucose in 1-->3 linkages; hence it is a (1-->3)beta-d-glucan (callose).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum chloride induced oat protoplast EPS.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Organ / stage
- mesophyll protoplastse0
- Treatment
- Aluminum chloridee0
- Outcome
- extracellular polysaccharide (EPS)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminum chloride induced mesophyll protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa) to produce an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS).”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum induced EPS appeared identical to victorin induced EPS.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- EPS induced by AlCl(3)e0
- Comparator
- phytotoxin victorine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EPS induced by AlCl(3) appeared identical to that produced in response to the phytotoxin victorin”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminum ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Al ions at 1 millimolare0
- Outcome
- toxic to protoplastse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Al ions at 1 millimolar were toxic to protoplasts”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum EPS production occurred at 200 micromolar aluminum.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 micromolare0
- Outcome
- EPS productione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Setting
- pH 6.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum EPS production occurred at a sublethal concentration of 200 micromolar, assayed at pH 6.0.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
AlCl(3) stimulated EPS production 10- to 15-fold.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- EPS productione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- 10- to 15- folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AlCl(3) stimulated EPS production 10- to 15- fold.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide pretreatment prevented EPS production in response to AlCl(3).
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- EPS productione0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximide prevented EPS production but not cell death in response to AlCl(3)”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cycloheximide did not prevent aluminum induced cell death.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of protoplasts with cycloheximide prevented EPS production but not cell death in response to AlCl(3)”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein synthesis was necessary for EPS production but not aluminum toxicity.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- EPS productione0
- Qualifier
- protein synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“protein synthesis was necessary for EPS production but not for the phytotoxicity of Al ions.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Y, Yb, Gd and In salts induced EPS.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- trivalent salts of Y, Yb, Gd, and Ine0
- Outcome
- EPS productione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trivalent salts of Y, Yb, Gd, and In also induced EPS production”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sc, Fe, Ga, Cr and La salts did not induce EPS.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Sc, Fe, Ga, Cr, and Lae0
- Outcome
- EPS productione2
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those of Sc, Fe, Ga, Cr, and La did not.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“induced EPS production”
Claim · model-written summary
Coker 83-23 oat produced less EPS than Fla 501 under AlCl(3).
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Material
- Coker 83-23e0
- Treatment
- AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- EPSe0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- Fla 501e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coker 83-23, produced less EPS in response to AlCl(3) than the acid-soil sensitive cultivar Fla 501.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat protoplasts produced EPS in response to aluminum.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- EPSe0
- Direction
- producede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EPS was also produced by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) protoplasts in response to AlCl(3).”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley protoplasts produced EPS in response to aluminum.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- EPSe0
- Direction
- producede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“EPS was also produced by wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) protoplasts in response to AlCl(3).”
Claim · model-written summary
Atlas wheat produced less EPS than Scout wheat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An Al-tolerant cultivar of wheat, Atlas, produced less EPS than an Al-sensitive cultivar, Scout”
Claim · model-written summary
Dayton barley produced more EPS than Kearney barley.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an Al-tolerant cultivar of barley, Dayton, produced more than the Al-sensitive cultivar Kearney.”
e1“Atlas, produced less EPS”
Claim · model-written summary
Protoplast EPS production did not appear related to whole plant aluminum tolerance.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Al ionse0
- Outcome
- production of EPS by protoplastse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production of EPS by protoplasts in response to Al ions did not appear to be related to Al ion tolerance at the level of whole plants.”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
EPS fluoresced with Calcofluor and Sirofluor.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- Calcofluor and Sirofluore0
- Outcome
- EPS fluorescede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EPS fluoresced in the presence of Calcofluor and Sirofluor”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Laminarinase degraded EPS whereas pectinase did not.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Treatment
- purified laminarinase [(1-->3)beta-d-glucanase]e0
- Outcome
- EPSe2
- Direction
- degradede0
- Comparator
- pectinase (polygalacturonase)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was degraded by purified laminarinase [(1-->3)beta-d-glucanase] but not pectinase (polygalacturonase).”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
e2“EPS fluoresced”
Claim · model-written summary
EPS contained only glucose in 1-->3 linkages and was identified as callose.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Outcome
- (1-->3)beta-d-glucan (callose)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EPS was composed solely of glucose in 1-->3 linkages; hence it is a (1-->3)beta-d-glucan (callose).”
e1“protoplasts of oat (Avena sativa)”
The same questions in other papers
chloride · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
aluminium atom · molecular: metabolites · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
chromium atom · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
iron atom · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
salinity · yield · Avena sativa (oats)Results differ
9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.