Abstract
BACKGROUND: Glutamine is a major amino donor for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and other nitrogen-containing compounds in all organisms. In addition to its role in nutrition and metabolism, glutamine can also function as a signaling molecule in bacteria, yeast, and humans. By contrast, the functions of glutamine in nutrition and as a signaling molecule remain unclear in plants. RESULTS: We demonstrated that glutamine could effectively support the growth of rice seedlings. In glutamine-treated rice roots, the glutamine contents increased dramatically, whereas levels of glutamate remained relatively constant. Transcriptome analysis of rice roots revealed that glutamine induced the expression of at least 35 genes involved in metabolism, transport, signal transduction, and stress responses within 30 min. Interestingly, 10 of the 35 early glutamine responsive genes encode putative transcription factors, including two LBD37-like genes that are involved in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. Glutamine also rapidly induced the expression of the DREB1A, IRO2, and NAC5 transcription factor genes, which are involved in the regulation of stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its role as a metabolic fuel, glutamine may also function as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression in plants. The rapid induction of transcription factor genes suggests that glutamine may efficiently amplify its signal and interact with the other signal transduction pathways to regulate plant growth and stress responses. Thus, glutamine is a functional amino acid that plays important roles in plant nutrition and signal transduction.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine effectively supported rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- supporte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“glutamine could effectively support the growth of rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine content increased dramatically in treated rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- glutamine-treatede0
- Outcome
- glutamine contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In glutamine-treated rice roots, the glutamine contents increased dramatically”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamate levels remained relatively constant in glutamine-treated rice roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- glutamine-treatede0
- Outcome
- levels of glutamatee0
- Direction
- remained relatively constante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In glutamine-treated rice roots, the glutamine contents increased dramatically, whereas levels of glutamate remained relatively constant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine induced expression of at least 35 rice root genes involved in metabolism, transport, signal transduction and stress responses within 30 min.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- expression of at least 35 genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Value
- at least 35 genese0
- Qualifier
- within 30 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptome analysis of rice roots revealed that glutamine induced the expression of at least 35 genes involved in metabolism, transport, signal transduction, and stress responses within 30 min”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten of the 35 early responsive genes encode putative transcription factors, including two LBD37-like genes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LBD37-like genese0
- Outcome
- encode putative transcription factorse0
- Value
- 10 of the 35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice roots”
e0“10 of the 35 early glutamine responsive genes encode putative transcription factors, including two LBD37-like genes that are involved in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine rapidly induced DREB1A expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice roots”
e0“Glutamine also rapidly induced the expression of the DREB1A, IRO2, and NAC5 transcription factor genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine rapidly induced IRO2 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice roots”
e0“Glutamine also rapidly induced the expression of the DREB1A, IRO2, and NAC5 transcription factor genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutamine rapidly induced NAC5 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice roots”
e0“Glutamine also rapidly induced the expression of the DREB1A, IRO2, and NAC5 transcription factor genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpret glutamine as a possible signaling molecule regulating plant gene expression.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Compound
- glutaminee0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Qualifier
- may also function as a signaling moleculee0
Verbatim
e0“glutamine may also function as a signaling molecule to regulate gene expression in plants”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.