Abstract
Isoflavones are thought to play diverse roles in plant-microbe interactions and are also potentially important to human nutrition and medicine. Isoflavone synthase (IFS) is a key enzyme for the formation of the isoflavones. Here, we examined the consequences of RNAi silencing of genes for this enzyme in soybean (Glycine max). Soybean cotyledon tissues were transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes carrying an RNAi silencing construct designed to silence expression of both copies of IFS genes. Approximately 50% of emerging roots were transformed with the RNAi construct, and most transformed roots exhibited >95% silencing of isoflavone accumulation. Silencing of IFS was also demonstrated throughout the entire cotyledon (in tissues distal to the transformation site) both by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of isoflavones and by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. This distal silencing led to a nearly complete suppression of mRNA accumulation for both the IFS1 and IFS2 genes and of isoflavone accumulations induced by wounding or treatment with the cell wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojae. Preformed isoflavone conjugates were not reduced in distal tissues, suggesting little turnover of these stored isoflavone pools. Distal silencing was established within just 5 d of transformation and was highly efficient for a 3- to 4-d period, after which it was no longer apparent in most experiments. Silencing of IFS was effective in at least two genotypes and led to enhanced susceptibility to P. sojae, disrupting both R gene-mediated resistance in roots and nonrace-specific resistance in cotyledon tissues. The soybean cotyledon system, already a model system for defense signal-response and cell-to-cell signaling, may provide a convenient and effective system for functional analysis of plant genes through gene silencing.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Approximately 50% of emerging soybean roots were transformed with the RNAi construct.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- RNAi constructe2
- Outcome
- emerging roots were transformede2
- Value
- Approximately 50%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Approximately 50% of emerging roots were transformed with the RNAi construct”
Claim · model-written summary
The RNAi construct decreased isoflavone accumulation in transformed roots by more than 95%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- RNAi constructe3
- Outcome
- isoflavone accumulatione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- >95%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“most transformed roots exhibited >95% silencing of isoflavone accumulation”
e3“Approximately 50% of emerging roots were transformed with the RNAi construct”
Claim · model-written summary
RNAi silencing of IFS was demonstrated throughout the entire soybean cotyledon, in tissues distal to the transformation site.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- entire cotyledone2
- Treatment
- RNAi constructe3
- Gene
- IFSe2
- Outcome
- Silencing of IFSe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Silencing of IFS was also demonstrated throughout the entire cotyledon (in tissues distal to the transformation site)”
e3“Approximately 50% of emerging roots were transformed with the RNAi construct”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal silencing nearly completely suppressed mRNA accumulation of the IFS1 and IFS2 genes in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- distal silencinge2
- Gene
- IFS1 and IFS2e2
- Outcome
- mRNA accumulation for both the IFS1 and IFS2 genese2
- Direction
- suppressione2
- Qualifier
- nearly completee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“This distal silencing led to a nearly complete suppression of mRNA accumulation for both the IFS1 and IFS2 genes and of isoflavone accumulations induced by wounding or treatment with the cell wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal silencing suppressed isoflavone accumulations induced by wounding or by Phytophthora sojae elicitor in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- cell wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojaee2
- Interactor
- Phytophthora sojaePhytophthora sojaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- isoflavone accumulations induced by woundinge2
- Direction
- suppressione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“This distal silencing led to a nearly complete suppression of mRNA accumulation for both the IFS1 and IFS2 genes and of isoflavone accumulations induced by wounding or treatment with the cell wall glucan elicitor from Phytophthora sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
Preformed isoflavone conjugates were not reduced in distal soybean tissues.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- distal tissuese2
- Outcome
- Preformed isoflavone conjugatese2
- Direction
- not reducede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Preformed isoflavone conjugates were not reduced in distal tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal silencing was established within 5 d of transformation in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- Distal silencing was establishede2
- Value
- 5 de2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Distal silencing was established within just 5 d of transformation”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal silencing was highly efficient for a 3- to 4-day period in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- highly efficiente2
- Value
- 3- to 4-d periode2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“was highly efficient for a 3- to 4-d period”
Claim · model-written summary
IFS silencing led to enhanced susceptibility of soybean to Phytophthora sojae in at least two genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- at least two genotypese2
- Treatment
- Silencing of IFSe2
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee2pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility to P. sojaee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“Silencing of IFS was effective in at least two genotypes and led to enhanced susceptibility to P. sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
IFS silencing disrupted R gene-mediated resistance in soybean roots to Phytophthora sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- Silencing of IFSe3
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- R gene-mediated resistancee2
- Direction
- disruptinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“disrupting both R gene-mediated resistance in roots and nonrace-specific resistance in cotyledon tissues”
e3“Silencing of IFS was effective in at least two genotypes and led to enhanced susceptibility to P. sojae”
Claim · model-written summary
IFS silencing disrupted nonrace-specific resistance in soybean cotyledon tissues to Phytophthora sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- cotyledon tissuese2
- Treatment
- Silencing of IFSe3
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee3pathogen
- Outcome
- nonrace-specific resistancee2
- Direction
- disruptinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“disrupting both R gene-mediated resistance in roots and nonrace-specific resistance in cotyledon tissues”
e3“Silencing of IFS was effective in at least two genotypes and led to enhanced susceptibility to P. sojae”
The same questions in other papers
isoflavone · Phytophthora sojae · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
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- negative
- negative
loss of function · Phytophthora sojae · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
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20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.