Abstract
Isoflavonoids are thought to play an important role in soybean (Glycine max) resistance to Phytophthora sojae. This was addressed by silencing two genes for their biosynthesis and a third gene controlling their elicitation. Silencing of genes for isoflavone synthase (IFS) or chalcone reductase (CHR) was achieved in soybean roots through an Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated RNAi approach. Effectiveness of silencing was followed both by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean. Loss of resistance was accompanied by suppression of hypersensitive (HR) cell death in both cultivars and suppression of cell death-associated activation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase. The various results suggest that the 5-deoxyisoflavonoids play a critical role in the establishment of cell death and race-specific resistance. The P. sojae cell wall glucan elicitor, a potent elicitor of 5-deoxyisoflavonoids, triggered a cell death response in roots that was also suppressed by silencing either CHR or IFS. Furthermore, silencing of the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2) led to a loss of HR cell death and race-specific resistance to P. sojae and also to a loss of isoflavone and cell death responses to cell wall glucan elicitor. Taken together, these results suggest that in situ release of active fragments from a general resistance elicitor (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) is necessary for HR cell death in soybean roots carrying resistance genes at the Rps 1 locus, and that this cell death response is mediated through accumulations of the 5-deoxyisoflavones.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing IFS or CHR in soybean broke down Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k)e1
- Treatment
- Silencing either IFS or CHRe1
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing IFS or CHR suppressed hypersensitive (HR) cell death in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k)e1
- Treatment
- Silencing either IFS or CHRe1
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of hypersensitive (HR) cell deathe2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e2“Loss of resistance was accompanied by suppression of hypersensitive (HR) cell death in both cultivars and suppression of cell death-associated activation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing IFS or CHR suppressed the cell death-associated activation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Silencing either IFS or CHRe1
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of cell death-associated activation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidasee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e2“Loss of resistance was accompanied by suppression of hypersensitive (HR) cell death in both cultivars and suppression of cell death-associated activation of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
The 5-deoxyisoflavonoids are suggested to play a critical role in establishing cell death and race-specific resistance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Compound
- 5-deoxyisoflavonoidse3
- Outcome
- establishment of cell death and race-specific resistancee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e3“The various results suggest that the 5-deoxyisoflavonoids play a critical role in the establishment of cell death and race-specific resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing either CHR or IFS suppressed the cell death response in roots triggered by the P. sojae cell wall glucan elicitor.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- silencing either CHR or IFSe4
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee4pathogen
- Outcome
- cell death response in rootse4
- Qualifier
- P. sojae cell wall glucan elicitore4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e4“The P. sojae cell wall glucan elicitor, a potent elicitor of 5-deoxyisoflavonoids, triggered a cell death response in roots that was also suppressed by silencing either CHR or IFS”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2) led to loss of HR cell death and race-specific resistance to P. sojae.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- silencing of the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2)e5
- Interactor
- P. sojaePhytophthora sojaee5pathogen
- Gene
- elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2)e5
- Outcome
- loss of HR cell death and race-specific resistancee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e5“silencing of the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2) led to a loss of HR cell death and race-specific resistance to P. sojae and also to a loss of isoflavone and cell death responses to cell wall glucan elicitor”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2) led to loss of isoflavone and cell death responses to cell wall glucan elicitor.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- silencing of the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2)e5
- Gene
- elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2)e5
- Outcome
- loss of isoflavone and cell death responses to cell wall glucan elicitore5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e1“Silencing either IFS or CHR led to a breakdown of Rps-mediated resistance to race 1 of P. sojae in 'W79' (Rps 1c) or 'W82' (Rps 1k) soybean”
e5“silencing of the elicitor-releasing endoglucanase (PR-2) led to a loss of HR cell death and race-specific resistance to P. sojae and also to a loss of isoflavone and cell death responses to cell wall glucan elicitor”
Claim · model-written summary
In situ release of active fragments from a general resistance elicitor is necessary for HR cell death in soybean roots carrying Rps 1 resistance genes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Gene
- Rps 1 locuse6
- Outcome
- HR cell deathe6
- Qualifier
- in situ release of active fragments from a general resistance elicitore6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e6“in situ release of active fragments from a general resistance elicitor (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) is necessary for HR cell death in soybean roots carrying resistance genes at the Rps 1 locus”
Claim · model-written summary
HR cell death is mediated through accumulation of 5-deoxyisoflavones in soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Compound
- 5-deoxyisoflavonese7
- Outcome
- cell death responsee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Phytophthora sojae Infected Tissues”
e6“in situ release of active fragments from a general resistance elicitor (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) is necessary for HR cell death in soybean roots carrying resistance genes at the Rps 1 locus”
e7“this cell death response is mediated through accumulations of the 5-deoxyisoflavones”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.