Abstract
Salinity may reduce plant growth via Na+-toxicity symptoms in mature leaves after long-term exposure. It has been suggested by other authors that Na+ accumulates in the leaf apoplast and leads to dehydration of leaves, wilting, and finally to death of these leaves. Two methods were employed to determine the Na+ concentration in the leaf apoplast of salt-tolerant cotton plants under salinity. The ratio imaging of sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) fluorescence was used to detect in vivo concentration changes and gradients of Na+ within the leaf apoplast under salinity stress, and results were compared with the infiltration–centrifugation method. A significant increase in Na+ concentration was found in the leaf apoplast under salinity (75 mM NaCl), but no further significant increase was determined when NaCl supply was increased from 75 to 150 mM. Both methods revealed that Na+ concentrations remained relatively low, and thus could not be responsible for the decline in yield under salinity. The ratio images showed changes in Na+ concentration and gradients within the leaf apoplast under salt stress, and demonstrated the validity of the method. However, SBFI fluorescence was also influenced by pH, proteins and salt-induced compatible osmolytes.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic Na+ rose significantly under 75 mM salinity.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Organ / stage
- leaf apoplaste0
- Treatment
- salinity (75 mM NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- Na+ concentratione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in Na+ concentration was found in the leaf apoplast under salinity (75 mM NaCl)”
e1“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising NaCl from 75 to 150 mM produced no further significant Na+ increase.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- NaCl supply was increased from 75 to 150 mMe0
- Outcome
- Na+ concentratione1
- Direction
- no further significant increasee0
- Comparator
- 75e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no further significant increase was determined when NaCl supply was increased from 75 to 150 mM”
e1“Na+ concentration was found in the leaf apoplast”
e2“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both methods found relatively low apoplastic Na+ concentrations.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Outcome
- Na+ concentrationse0
- Direction
- relatively lowe0
- Comparator
- Both methodse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both methods revealed that Na+ concentrations remained relatively low”
e1“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The low apoplastic Na+ concentration could not explain declining yield under salinity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Compound
- Na+e0
- Outcome
- decline in yield under salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na+ concentrations remained relatively low, and thus could not be responsible for the decline in yield under salinity”
e1“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Ratio imaging detected changes and gradients of apoplastic Na+ and demonstrated method validity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Outcome
- changes in Na+ concentration and gradients within the leaf apoplaste0
- Comparator
- validity of the methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ratio images showed changes in Na+ concentration and gradients within the leaf apoplast under salt stress, and demonstrated the validity of the method.”
e1“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
pH, proteins and compatible osmolytes influenced SBFI fluorescence.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Compound
- pH, proteins and salt-induced compatible osmolytese0
- Outcome
- SBFI fluorescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SBFI fluorescence was also influenced by pH, proteins and salt-induced compatible osmolytes.”
e1“salt-tolerant cotton plants”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: ion balance · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
salinity · physiology: ion balance · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.