Abstract
Pollution of soil by the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is a global environmental problem. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent phytochelatin (PC) synthesis pathway is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to Cd accumulation and tolerance. However, the regulation of this pathway is poorly understood. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana cadmium-tolerant dominant mutant xcd1-D (XVE system-induced cadmium-tolerance 1) and cloned XCD1 gene (previously called MAN3), which encodes an endo-β-mannanase. Overexpression of MAN3 led to enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance, whereas loss-of-function of MAN3 resulted in decreased Cd accumulation and tolerance. In the presence of estradiol, enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance in xcd1-D was associated with GSH-dependent, Cd-activated synthesis of PCs, which was correlated with coordinated activation of gene expression. Cd stress-induced expression of MAN3 and the consequently increased mannanase activity, led to increased mannose content in cell walls. Moreover, mannose treatment not only rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the xcd1-2 mutant, but also improved the Cd tolerance of wild-type plants. Significantly, this mannose-mediated Cd accumulation and tolerance is dependent on GSH-dependent PC concentrations via coordinated control of expression of genes involved in PC synthesis. Our results suggest that MAN3 regulates the GSH-dependent PC synthesis pathway that contributes to Cd accumulation and tolerance in A. thaliana by coordinated control of gene expression.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of MAN3 enhanced cadmium accumulation and tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of MAN3e1
- Gene
- MAN3e1
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation and tolerancee1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“Overexpression of MAN3 led to enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss-of-function of MAN3 decreased cadmium accumulation and tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- loss-of-function of MAN3e2
- Gene
- MAN3e2
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation and tolerancee2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“loss-of-function of MAN3 resulted in decreased Cd accumulation and tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced cadmium accumulation and tolerance in xcd1-D was associated with GSH-dependent, Cd-activated synthesis of phytochelatins.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- xcd1-De3
- Compound
- PCse3
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation and tolerancee3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“an Arabidopsis thaliana cadmium-tolerant dominant mutant xcd1-D”
e3“enhanced Cd accumulation and tolerance in xcd1-D was associated with GSH-dependent, Cd-activated synthesis of PCs”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd stress increased mannose content in cell walls through MAN3 expression and mannanase activity.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse4
- Gene
- MAN3e4
- Outcome
- mannose content in cell wallse4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Cd stress-induced expression of MAN3 and the consequently increased mannanase activity, led to increased mannose content in cell walls”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose treatment rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the xcd1-2 mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- xcd1-2 mutante5
- Treatment
- mannose treatmente5
- Outcome
- Cd-sensitive phenotypee5
- Direction
- rescuede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“mannose treatment not only rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the xcd1-2 mutant, but also improved the Cd tolerance of wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose treatment improved cadmium tolerance of wild-type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- wild-type plantse5
- Treatment
- mannose treatmente5
- Outcome
- Cd tolerancee5
- Direction
- improvede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“mannose treatment not only rescued the Cd-sensitive phenotype of the xcd1-2 mutant, but also improved the Cd tolerance of wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose-mediated cadmium accumulation and tolerance depend on GSH-dependent PC concentrations through coordinated control of PC synthesis genes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Compound
- PCe6
- Outcome
- Cd accumulation and tolerancee6
- Qualifier
- coordinated control of expression of genes involved in PC synthesise6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e6“this mannose-mediated Cd accumulation and tolerance is dependent on GSH-dependent PC concentrations via coordinated control of expression of genes involved in PC synthesis”
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