Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin (CTK) play important roles in regulating the growth of rice tiller buds. Auxins inhibit bud growth and CTK, which are regulated by auxins, promote growth. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we studied auxin/CTK regulation in Nanjing 44 rice, a japonica cultivar. After full heading, we cut off the roots and removed the panicles. The tiller buds grew rapidly after panicle removal; significantly elevated CTK levels were found in tiller buds and nodes preceding bud growth. However, external application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibited the growth of tiller buds and reversed the increase of CTK levels in tiller buds and nodes induced by panicle removal. According to previous studies, the rice gene adenosine phosphate isopentenyltransferase (OsIPT) encodes a key enzyme in CTK biosynthesis. To determine the site of CTK synthesis involved in bud growth, we examined the expression pattern of OsIPT in tiller buds and nodes. Our results demonstrated that tiller bud growth is not regulated by CTK derived from roots; rather, CTK is biosynthesised mainly in the nodes and subsequently delivered to tiller buds. Auxin negatively regulates the expression of OsIPT and the biosynthesis of CTK in nodes, thus inhibiting the growth of tiller buds in rice.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle removal led to rapid tiller bud growth.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- panicle removale0
- Outcome
- tiller budse0
- Direction
- grew rapidlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The tiller buds grew rapidly after panicle removal”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CTK levels rose significantly in tiller buds and nodes before bud growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- tiller buds and nodese0
- Outcome
- CTK levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly elevated CTK levels were found in tiller buds and nodes preceding bud growth”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied IAA inhibited tiller bud growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- external application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Outcome
- growth of tiller budse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“external application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibited the growth of tiller buds”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied IAA reversed the panicle-removal increase in CTK levels.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- tiller buds and nodese0
- Treatment
- external application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Outcome
- CTK levelse0
- Direction
- reversed the increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“external application of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) inhibited the growth of tiller buds and reversed the increase of CTK levels in tiller buds and nodes induced by panicle removal”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-derived CTK did not regulate tiller bud growth.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- tiller bud growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tiller bud growth is not regulated by CTK derived from roots”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CTK was mainly synthesized in nodes and delivered to tiller buds.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nodese0
- Outcome
- CTK is biosynthesised mainly in the nodes and subsequently delivered to tiller budse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTK is biosynthesised mainly in the nodes and subsequently delivered to tiller buds”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin negatively regulated OsIPT expression in nodes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nodese0
- Gene
- OsIPTe0
- Outcome
- expression of OsIPTe0
- Direction
- negatively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin negatively regulates the expression of OsIPT and the biosynthesis of CTK in nodes”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin negatively regulated CTK biosynthesis in nodes.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nodese0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of CTKe0
- Direction
- negatively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Auxin negatively regulates the expression of OsIPT and the biosynthesis of CTK in nodes”
t0“Rice”
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