Abstract
The gene coding for threonine deaminase (TD), the enzyme which catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine, was isolated from tomato as a consequence of its unusual 500-fold upregulation in floral organs. It was subsequently shown that TD is induced in potato leaves in response to wounding, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate (MeJa). Detailed analysis presented here, reveals an intricate developmental regulation pattern of gene expression in flowers that is operating solely in parenchyma territories. Yet, despite its high pre-existing expression level, TD in flowers can be further induced by MeJa. Induction of TD in flowers as well as in leaves is effective only in the parenchyma domains, irrespective of the prior expression levels. TD is neither expressed nor induced in epidermal, vascular or sporogenous tissues. Promoter analysis in transgenic tomato plants indicates that induction of TD follows identical kinetics in flowers and leaves. Furthermore, the 'conditioning' of developmental upregulation in flowers, the response to MeJa in flowers and leaves, and the parenchyma-specific expression are all mediated by the cis-elements within the proximal 192 bp of the promoter. Promoter elements regulating the correct organ-specific expression are located, however, further upstream. The promoter constructs used in this study can serve as useful tools for expressing extremely high levels of transgenes in specific cells. A scheme explaining tissue-specific response to MeJa, in conjunction with developmental control, is discussed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Threonine deaminase expression in tomato floral organs showed unusual 500-fold upregulation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- floral organse0
- Gene
- threonine deaminase (TD)e1
- Outcome
- upregulatione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
- Value
- 500-folde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was isolated from tomato as a consequence of its unusual 500-fold upregulation in floral organs”
e1“The gene coding for threonine deaminase (TD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Developmental regulation of threonine deaminase expression in flowers occurred solely in parenchyma.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- parenchyma territoriese0
- Outcome
- developmental regulation pattern of gene expressione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“developmental regulation pattern of gene expression in flowers that is operating solely in parenchyma territories”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate further induced floral threonine deaminase despite high existing expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Treatment
- MeJae0
- Gene
- TDe0
- Outcome
- TD in flowerse0
- Direction
- further inducede0
- Comparator
- high pre-existing expression levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“despite its high pre-existing expression level, TD in flowers can be further induced by MeJa”
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl jasmonate induced threonine deaminase only in parenchyma domains of tomato flowers and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- parenchyma domainse0
- Treatment
- MeJae1
- Gene
- TDe0
- Outcome
- Induction of TDe0
- Direction
- Inductione0
- Comparator
- prior expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“Induction of TD in flowers as well as in leaves is effective only in the parenchyma domains, irrespective of the prior expression levels”
e1“TD in flowers can be further induced by MeJa”
Claim · model-written summary
Threonine deaminase was neither expressed nor induced in epidermal, vascular, or sporogenous tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- epidermal, vascular or sporogenous tissuese0
- Gene
- TDe0
- Outcome
- neither expressed nor inducede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“TD is neither expressed nor induced in epidermal, vascular or sporogenous tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Threonine deaminase promoter induction had identical kinetics in tomato flowers and leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- flowers and leavese0
- Gene
- TDe0
- Outcome
- induction of TD follows identical kineticse0
- Direction
- identicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Promoter analysis in transgenic tomato plants indicates that induction of TD follows identical kinetics in flowers and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Cis-elements within the proximal 192 bp of the promoter mediated developmental upregulation in flowers, methyl jasmonate responses, and parenchyma-specific expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- developmental upregulation in flowers, the response to MeJa in flowers and leaves, and the parenchyma-specific expressione0
- Qualifier
- cis-elements within the proximal 192 bp of the promotere0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“the 'conditioning' of developmental upregulation in flowers, the response to MeJa in flowers and leaves, and the parenchyma-specific expression are all mediated by the cis-elements within the proximal 192 bp of the promoter”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter elements further upstream regulated correct organ-specific expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- correct organ-specific expressione0
- Qualifier
- Promoter elementse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“Promoter elements regulating the correct organ-specific expression are located, however, further upstream”
Claim · model-written summary
The promoter constructs can be used to express extremely high levels of transgenes in specific cells.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- expressing extremely high levels of transgenes in specific cellse0
- Value
- extremely high levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato flowers”
e0“The promoter constructs used in this study can serve as useful tools for expressing extremely high levels of transgenes in specific cells”
The same questions in other papers
(-)-methyl jasmonate · molecular: metabolites · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →(-)-methyl jasmonate · phenology · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.