Abstract
summary Leaf extension was stimulated following exposure of three interamerican hybrid poplar clones ( Populus trichocarpa P. deltoides ); ‘Unal’, ‘Boelare’, and ‘Beaupre’ and a euramerican clone ‘Primo’ ( Populus nigra × P. deltoides ) to elevated CO 2 , in controlled environment chambers. For all three interamerican clones the evidence suggests that this was the result of increased leaf cell expansion associated with enhanced cell wall extensibility (WEx), measured as tensiomerric increases in cell wall plasticity. For the interameriean clone ‘Boelare’, there was also a significant increase in cell wall elasticity following exposure to elevated CO 2 ( P ⩽ 0.001). The effect of elevated CO 2 in stimulating cell wall extensibility was confirmed in a detailed spatial analysis of extensibility made across the lamina of expanding leaves of the clone ‘Boelare’. For two of the interamerican hybrids, ‘Unal’ and ‘Beaupre’, both leaf cell water potential Ψ and turgor pressure ( P ) were lower in elevated than in ambient CO 2 . By contrast, no significant effects on the cell wall properties or leaf water relations for the euramerican hybrid ‘Primo’ were observed following exposure to elevated CO 2 . suggesting that the mechanism for increased leaf extension in elevated CO 2 , differed, depending on clone. The cumulative total length of leaves of ‘Boelare’ grown in elevated CO 2 , was significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05) and since leaf number was not significantly increased in any inter‐american clone it is hypothesized that final leaf size was stimulated in elevated CO 2 for these clones. By contrast, there was no significant effect of CO 2 on cumulative total leaf length for the euramerican clone ‘Primo’, but leaf number was significantly increased by elevated CO 2 . The measurements suggest that total tree leaf area was stimulated for a range of poplar hybrids exposed to elevated CO 2 . Given the short rotation of a coppiced crop, it is likely that increased leaf areas will result in enhanced stemwood production when hybrid poplars are grown in the CO, concentrations predicted for the next century.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 stimulated leaf extension in four hybrid poplar clones.
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- Leaf extensione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Setting
- controlled environment chamberse0
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf extension was stimulated following exposure of three interamerican hybrid poplar clones ( Populus trichocarpa P. deltoides ); ‘Unal’, ‘Boelare’, and ‘Beaupre’ and a euramerican clone ‘Primo’ ( Populus nigra × P. deltoides ) to elevated CO 2 , in controlled environment chambers.”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
In three interamerican clones, increased cell expansion was associated with enhanced cell wall extensibility under elevated CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all three interamerican clones the evidence suggests that this was the result of increased leaf cell expansion associated with enhanced cell wall extensibility (WEx), measured as tensiomerric increases in cell wall plasticity.”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased cell wall elasticity in Boelare.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For the interameriean clone ‘Boelare’, there was also a significant increase in cell wall elasticity following exposure to elevated CO 2 ( P ⩽ 0.001).”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Spatial analysis confirmed elevated CO2 stimulated wall extensibility across expanding Boelare leaves.
- Material
- ‘Boelare’e0
- Organ / stage
- expanding leavese0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- cell wall extensibilitye0
- Direction
- stimulatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of elevated CO 2 in stimulating cell wall extensibility was confirmed in a detailed spatial analysis of extensibility made across the lamina of expanding leaves of the clone ‘Boelare’.”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered leaf cell water potential Ψ in Unal and Beaupre.
- Material
- ‘Unal’ and ‘Beaupre’e0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- leaf cell water potential Ψe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For two of the interamerican hybrids, ‘Unal’ and ‘Beaupre’, both leaf cell water potential Ψ and turgor pressure ( P ) were lower in elevated than in ambient CO 2 .”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 lowered turgor pressure ( P ) in Unal and Beaupre.
- Material
- ‘Unal’ and ‘Beaupre’e0
- Treatment
- elevatede0
- Outcome
- turgor pressure ( P )e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For two of the interamerican hybrids, ‘Unal’ and ‘Beaupre’, both leaf cell water potential Ψ and turgor pressure ( P ) were lower in elevated than in ambient CO 2 .”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Primo showed no significant cell-wall property response to elevated CO2.
- Material
- ‘Primo’e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- cell wall propertiese0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effects on the cell wall properties or leaf water relations for the euramerican hybrid ‘Primo’ were observed following exposure to elevated CO 2”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Primo showed no significant leaf water-relations response to elevated CO2.
- Material
- ‘Primo’e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- leaf water relationse0
- Direction
- no significant effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant effects on the cell wall properties or leaf water relations for the euramerican hybrid ‘Primo’ were observed following exposure to elevated CO 2”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased cumulative leaf length in Boelare.
- Material
- ‘Boelare’e0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e0
- Outcome
- cumulative total length of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cumulative total length of leaves of ‘Boelare’ grown in elevated CO 2 , was significantly increased ( P ≤ 0.05)”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not significantly increase leaf number in any interamerican clone.
- Material
- inter‐american clonee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO 2e1
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- not significantly increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf number was not significantly increased in any inter‐american clone”
t0“hybrid poplar”
e1“‘Boelare’ grown in elevated CO 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors hypothesized that elevated CO2 stimulated final leaf size in the interamerican clones.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is hypothesized that final leaf size was stimulated in elevated CO 2 for these clones”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Primo cumulative leaf length was not significantly affected by CO2.
- Material
- ‘Primo’e0
- Treatment
- CO 2e0
- Outcome
- cumulative total leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no significant effect of CO 2 on cumulative total leaf length for the euramerican clone ‘Primo’”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
Measurements suggested elevated CO2 stimulated total leaf area across poplar hybrids.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The measurements suggest that total tree leaf area was stimulated for a range of poplar hybrids exposed to elevated CO 2 .”
t0“hybrid poplar”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors projected increased leaf area would enhance stemwood production in hybrid poplar coppice.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is likely that increased leaf areas will result in enhanced stemwood production when hybrid poplars are grown in the CO, concentrations predicted for the next century.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.