Abstract
The effects of four calcium-containing materials on soil pH, nutrient availability and productivity of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) on acid soils were studied in field experiments conducted at the Horticulture Research Centre and the Makoholi Experiment Station in Zimbabwe. The materials were calcitic limestone, dolomitic limestone, gypsum and single super phosphate. Application of dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levels, whereas gypsum and single super phosphate did not. Application of 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestone increased calcium levels by up to 125% at the Horticulture Research Centre and 872% at Makoholi Experiment Station, while dolomitic limestone increased magnesium levels by 183% and 473% at the Horticulture Research Centre and Makoholi Experiment Station respectively. Combining gypsum and single super phosphate with 2000 kg ha −1 calcitic or dolomitic limestone did not affect soil pH differently than the limes alone. Furthermore, gypsum and single super phosphate applications on their own had no effect on pH, calcium and magnesium levels. The phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen levels were not significantly affected by the calcium-containing materials. Application of either dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly improved productivity of groundnut, with 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestone producing the largest increases in kernel yields at both sites. Yield responses to gypsum were not significantly different from the control treatment. Despite the notable changes in soil chemical properties observed at both sites, deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, coupled with low pH per se , remained the primary reasons for poor growth on the acid sandy soils at both sites.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly raised soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- dolomitic or calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly increased soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levels”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum and single super phosphate did not raise soil pH or exchangeable calcium and magnesium.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- gypsum and single super phosphatee0
- Outcome
- soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levelse1
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas gypsum and single super phosphate did not”
t0“GROUNDNUT”
e1“soil pH and exchangeable calcium and magnesium levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcitic limestone at 4000 kg ha −1 raised calcium by up to 125% at the Horticulture Research Centre.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- calcium levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 125%e0
- Setting
- Horticulture Research Centree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestone increased calcium levels by up to 125% at the Horticulture Research Centre”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcitic limestone at 4000 kg ha −1 raised calcium by 872% at Makoholi Experiment Station.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- calcium levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 872%e0
- Setting
- Makoholi Experiment Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestone increased calcium levels by up to 125% at the Horticulture Research Centre and 872% at Makoholi Experiment Station”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic limestone raised magnesium by 183% at the Horticulture Research Centre.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- magnesium levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 183%e0
- Setting
- Horticulture Research Centree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dolomitic limestone increased magnesium levels by 183% and 473% at the Horticulture Research Centre and Makoholi Experiment Station respectively”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic limestone raised magnesium by 473% at Makoholi Experiment Station.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- magnesium levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 473%e0
- Setting
- Makoholi Experiment Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dolomitic limestone increased magnesium levels by 183% and 473% at the Horticulture Research Centre and Makoholi Experiment Station respectively”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding gypsum and single super phosphate to limestone did not alter soil pH relative to lime alone.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Combining gypsum and single super phosphate with 2000 kg ha −1 calcitic or dolomitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- the limes alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combining gypsum and single super phosphate with 2000 kg ha −1 calcitic or dolomitic limestone did not affect soil pH differently than the limes alone”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium-containing materials did not significantly affect phosphorus, potassium or nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- calcium-containing materialse0
- Outcome
- phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen levelse0
- Direction
- not significantly affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen levels were not significantly affected by the calcium-containing materials”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly improved groundnut productivity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- dolomitic or calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- productivity of groundnute0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of either dolomitic or calcitic limestone significantly improved productivity of groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcitic limestone at 4000 kg ha −1 produced the largest kernel-yield gains at both sites.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- 4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestonee0
- Outcome
- kernel yieldse0
- Direction
- largest increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4000 kg ha −1 calcitic limestone producing the largest increases in kernel yields at both sites”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum yield responses were not significantly different from the control.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- gypsume0
- Outcome
- Yield responsese0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield responses to gypsum were not significantly different from the control treatment”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient deficiencies and low pH remained the primary reasons for poor growth on both acid sandy soils.
- Taxon
- GROUNDNUTArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- poor growthe0
- Qualifier
- deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, coupled with low pH per see0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, coupled with low pH per se , remained the primary reasons for poor growth on the acid sandy soils at both sites”
t0“SOIL AMELIORATION EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT ON ACID SANDY SOILS OF ZIMBABWE”
The same questions in other papers
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 reporting no difference from an alternative
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction
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See all 41 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.