Abstract
We report the results of a two-year study assessing the effects of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation regimes on yield traits and on water and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The trials involved the combination of four N doses (0, 100, 200, 300 kg ha-1) with two irrigation regimes (100% restitution of ETc; repeated cycles of water stress starting from fruit set). In the second year, the crop was transplanted one month earlier than in the first year and was mulched with plastic sheeting. The highest yield in both years was obtained by associating 100% restitution of ETc and the N dose of 200 kg ha-1. The marketable yields were 37 and 72 t ha-1 in 1998 and 1999, respectively. Doubling of the yield in the second year was probably due to the earlier transplantation and mulching, confirming the numerous benefits of the latter technique. The water deficit imposed during the late flowering-early fruit set phase had negative effects on the crop, with declines of the marketable yield of up to 44% due to the reduced number and weight of the fruit and the increased waste, mainly peppers with blossom-end rot, cracking, sun-burn and malformations. The peppers grown under water stress were richer in dry matter and soluble solids. The yield declines due to water deficit varied in relation to the N dose, as confirmed by the numerous interactions recorded between irrigation regime and nitrogen level.Without nitrogen fertilization, the quantity and quality of the fruits remained unchanged, while the maximum dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effects of the water deficit on the number (-52%) and weight (-161%) of marketable peppers. Moreover, the waste peppers reached 31% of the total production (by weight), with over 21% affected by blossom-end rot. Water stress led to a drastic reduction of the total above-ground dry biomass (40%) and a significant decrease of nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%) with preferential translocation towards stems and leaves, as shown by lower Harvest Index (HI) values. Regarding the water use efficiency (WUE), the above-ground dry matter WUE (AGWUE) remained unchanged while the total yield WUE (TYWUE) and marketable yield WUE (MYWUE) decreased. The N dose of 200 kg ha-1 maximized the yield and quality of the peppers, with and without water stress, and the values of water and nitrogen use efficiency were maximal in these conditions.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
The highest bell pepper yield in both years came from combining 100% restitution of ETc with 200 kg N ha-1.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- 100% restitution of ETc and the N dose of 200 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- highest yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield in both years was obtained by associating 100% restitution of ETc and the N dose of 200 kg ha-1”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable yield of bell pepper was 37 t ha-1 in 1998.
Verbatim
e0“The marketable yields were 37 and 72 t ha-1 in 1998 and 1999, respectively”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Marketable yield of bell pepper was 72 t ha-1 in 1999.
Verbatim
e0“The marketable yields were 37 and 72 t ha-1 in 1998 and 1999, respectively”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The second-year yield doubling was probably due to earlier transplantation and plastic mulching.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Doubling of the yield in the second year was probably due to the earlier transplantation and mulching”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit imposed from late flowering to early fruit set reduced marketable yield by up to 44%.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- water deficit imposed during the late flowering-early fruit set phasee0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- declinese0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“water deficit imposed during the late flowering-early fruit set phase had negative effects on the crop, with declines of the marketable yield of up to 44%”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Peppers grown under water stress were richer in dry matter and soluble solids.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The peppers grown under water stress were richer in dry matter and soluble solids”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield decline due to water deficit varied with the N dose, with numerous irrigation by nitrogen interactions.
Verbatim
e0“The yield declines due to water deficit varied in relation to the N dose”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nitrogen fertilization the quantity and quality of the fruits remained unchanged.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- Without nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- quantity and quality of the fruitse0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Without nitrogen fertilization, the quantity and quality of the fruits remained unchanged”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum N dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effect of water deficit on the number of marketable peppers, at -52%.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- maximum dose (300 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- numbere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- -52%e0
- Qualifier
- negative effects of the water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the maximum dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effects of the water deficit on the number (-52%) and weight (-161%) of marketable peppers”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum N dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effect of water deficit on the weight of marketable peppers, at -161%.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- maximum dose (300 kg ha-1)e0
- Outcome
- weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- -161%e0
- Qualifier
- negative effects of the water deficite0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the maximum dose (300 kg ha-1) enhanced the negative effects of the water deficit on the number (-52%) and weight (-161%) of marketable peppers”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Waste peppers reached 31% of total production by weight.
Verbatim
e0“the waste peppers reached 31% of the total production (by weight), with over 21% affected by blossom-end rot”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 21% of peppers were affected by blossom-end rot.
Verbatim
e0“the waste peppers reached 31% of the total production (by weight), with over 21% affected by blossom-end rot”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress drastically reduced total above-ground dry biomass (40%).
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- Water stresse0
- Outcome
- total above-ground dry biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 40%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Water stress led to a drastic reduction of the total above-ground dry biomass (40%)”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress significantly decreased nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%).
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Water stress led to a drastic reduction of the total above-ground dry biomass (40%) and a significant decrease of nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%)”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress gave lower Harvest Index values, with preferential translocation of nitrogen towards stems and leaves.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Water stress led to a drastic reduction of the total above-ground dry biomass (40%) and a significant decrease of nitrogen absorption by the plant (54%) with preferential translocation towards stems and leaves, as shown by lower Harvest Index (HI) values”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Above-ground dry matter water use efficiency (AGWUE) remained unchanged.
Verbatim
e0“the above-ground dry matter WUE (AGWUE) remained unchanged”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Total yield water use efficiency (TYWUE) and marketable yield water use efficiency (MYWUE) decreased.
Verbatim
e0“the total yield WUE (TYWUE) and marketable yield WUE (MYWUE) decreased”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen dose of 200 kg ha-1 maximized pepper yield and quality, with and without water stress.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- N dose of 200 kg ha-1e0
- Outcome
- yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- maximizede0
- Qualifier
- with and without water stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The N dose of 200 kg ha-1 maximized the yield and quality of the peppers, with and without water stress”
t0“Bell Pepper”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and nitrogen use efficiency values were maximal under the 200 kg N ha-1 condition.
- Taxon
- Bell Peppert0
- Treatment
- these conditionse0
- Outcome
- water and nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- maximale0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the values of water and nitrogen use efficiency were maximal in these conditions”
t0“Bell Pepper”
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8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.