Abstract
Abstract An in vitro seed culture system was established to grow peanut seed of different maturities viz. white, yellow, orange, brown and black, using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium. Under this system peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability. In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins. Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls. The seeds that were stressed with mannitol and subsequently inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed a significant increase in the aflatoxin contamination of stressed seed compared to the unstressed control. This would indicate that in vitro grown seeds responded to water stress similar to the field grown peanuts by loosing their ability to produce phytoalexins and increased susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. Hence, this system has a potential application in evaluating peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stress.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow, orange, brown, and black peanut seeds grew to maturity, increasing size and germinability.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Material
- yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categoriese0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- grew to maturitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“peanut seed of yellow, orange, brown and black maturity categories grew to maturity as measured by increase in their size and germinability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated seed cultures produced phytoalexins whereas sterile controls did not.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Aspergillus spp.e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.
Aspergilluse0pathogen - Outcome
- phytoalexinse0
- Direction
- producede0
- Comparator
- noninoculated sterile controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated seed cultures were contaminated with aflatoxins.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Aspergillus spp.e0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus spp.Aspergilluse0pathogen
- Outcome
- contaminated with aflatoxinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“In vitro cultured seeds produced significant amounts of phytoalexins and were contaminated with aflatoxins following their inoculation with Aspergillus spp. while the noninoculated sterile controls did not produce any phytoalexins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol water stress significantly decreased phytoalexin production relative to nonstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- mannitol (0 to 1 M)e0
- Outcome
- phytoalexin producing abilitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- nonstressed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene glycol water stress significantly decreased phytoalexin production relative to nonstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v)e0
- Outcome
- phytoalexin producing abilitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- nonstressed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol water stress enhanced fungal growth versus nonstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- mannitol (0 to 1 M)e0
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- nonstressed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyethylene glycol water stress enhanced fungal growth versus nonstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v)e0
- Outcome
- fungal growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- nonstressed controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“Exposure of seed cultures to water stress using various concentrations of mannitol (0 to 1 M) and polyethylene glycol 8000 (0-30% w/v) caused a significant decrease in their phytoalexin producing ability, and enhanced fungal growth compared to the nonstressed controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol-stressed seeds inoculated with A. flavus had significantly more aflatoxin contamination than unstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- stressed with mannitole0
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- unstressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“The seeds that were stressed with mannitol and subsequently inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed a significant increase in the aflatoxin contamination of stressed seed compared to the unstressed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol-stressed seeds inoculated with A. parasiticus had significantly more aflatoxin contamination than unstressed controls.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- stressed with mannitole0
- Interactor
- A. parasiticus
Aspergillus parasiticuse0pathogen - Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- unstressed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“The seeds that were stressed with mannitol and subsequently inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed a significant increase in the aflatoxin contamination of stressed seed compared to the unstressed control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed culture system could be used to evaluate peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stress.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- evaluating peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Peanut”
e0“this system has a potential application in evaluating peanut genotypes for aflatoxin resistance under water stress.”
The same questions in other papers
poly(ethylene glycol) · disease · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Aspergillus · molecular: metabolites · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.