Abstract
The present paper is based on the data of field and production trials conducted in the years 2004-2007. The trials were carried out in North-Estonia (59° 18 ' N, 24° 39 ' E) on break- stony soil and in South-Estonia (58° 27 ' N, 25° 36 ' E) on pseudopodzolic soil. The aim was to identify the effect of sulphur fertilization on the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on some of the quality indices of yield and protein quality, including the content of non- replaceable amino acids, and on the baking properties of flour. In the field trials the effect of N and NS fertilization was compared on the nitrogen background of N60 + N40 kg ha -1 . Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat 'Lars' increased, depending on the weather and soil conditions, in field trials 0.47-1.48 t ha -1 , i.e. 7.7-43.0% and in production trials 1.35-2.44 t ha -1 , i.e. 39.8-45.5%. The effect of sulphur on the protein and wet gluten contents of wheat grain was not always one-directional, but in all trials the gluten index increased and the quality of protein improved under the influence of sulphur. Sulphur fertilization increased the content of amino acids in the protein of winter wheat in field trials on the average as following: cysteine - 24.5%, methionine - 35.3%, threonine - 14.4% and lysine - 7.7%. In production conditions the fertilization with sulphur increased both the contents of protein and wet gluten and that of major amino acids. Due to sulphur fertilization all major parameters of winter wheat's baking quality improved: stability and quality number of dough, loaf volume and specific volume and round loaf's height to diameter ratio.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased winter wheat field trial yield by 0.47-1.48 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- 'Lars'e0
- Treatment
- sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 )e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.47-1.48 t ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 7.7-43.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat 'Lars' increased, depending on the weather and soil conditions, in field trials 0.47-1.48 t ha -1 , i.e. 7.7-43.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased winter wheat production trial yield by 1.35-2.44 t ha -1.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 1.35-2.44 t ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 39.8-45.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in production trials 1.35-2.44 t ha -1 , i.e. 39.8-45.5%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur effects on grain protein and wet gluten contents varied among trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Outcome
- protein and wet gluten contentse0
- Direction
- not always one-directionale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effect of sulphur on the protein and wet gluten contents of wheat grain was not always one-directional”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased gluten index and improved protein quality in all trials.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure0
- Outcome
- gluten indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in all trials the gluten index increased and the quality of protein improved under the influence of sulphur”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased cysteine content by 24.5% in field trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sulphur fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- cysteinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulphur fertilization increased the content of amino acids in the protein of winter wheat in field trials on the average as following: cysteine - 24.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased methionine content by 35.3% in field trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure1
- Outcome
- methioninee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 35.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“methionine - 35.3%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased threonine content by 14.4% in field trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure1
- Outcome
- threoninee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 14.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“threonine - 14.4%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased lysine content by 7.7% in field trials.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulphure1
- Outcome
- lysinee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 7.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lysine - 7.7%”
t0“winter wheat”
e1“Due to sulphur (in two top dressings in total S10 kg ha -1 ) the yield of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur increased protein, wet gluten and major amino acid contents in production conditions.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization with sulphure0
- Outcome
- contents of protein and wet gluten and that of major amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In production conditions the fertilization with sulphur increased both the contents of protein and wet gluten and that of major amino acids”
t0“winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphur improved dough stability, quality number and loaf measures.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulphur fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- stability and quality number of dough, loaf volume and specific volume and round loaf's height to diameter ratioe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Due to sulphur fertilization all major parameters of winter wheat's baking quality improved: stability and quality number of dough, loaf volume and specific volume and round loaf's height to diameter ratio”
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