Abstract
Aloe vera (Asphodeloideae) is a medicinal plant in which useful secondary metabolites are plentiful. Among the representative secondary metabolites of Aloe vera are the anthraquinones including aloe emodin and chrysophanol, which are tricyclic aromatic quinones synthesized via a plant-specific type III polyketide biosynthesis pathway. However, it is not yet clear which cellular responses can induce the pathway, leading to production of tricyclic aromatic quinones. In this study, we examined the effect of endogenous elicitors on the type III polyketide biosynthesis pathway and identified the metabolic changes induced in elicitor-treated Aloe vera adventitious roots. Salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and ethephon were used to treat Aloe vera adventitious roots cultured on MS liquid media with 0.3 mg/L IBA for 35 days. Aloe emodin and chrysophanol were remarkably increased by the SA treatment, more than 10-11 and 5-13 fold as compared with untreated control, respectively. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis identified a total of 37 SA-induced compounds, including aloe emodin and chrysophanol, and 3 of the compounds were tentatively identified as tricyclic aromatic quinones. Transcript accumulation analysis of polyketide synthase genes and gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed that these secondary metabolic changes resulted from increased expression of octaketide synthase genes and decreases in malonyl-CoA, which is the precursor for the tricyclic aromatic quinone biosynthesis pathway. In addition, anti-inflammatory activity was enhanced in extracts of SA-treated adventitious roots. Our results suggest that SA has an important role in activation of the plant specific-type III polyketide biosynthetic pathway, and therefore that the efficacy of Aloe vera as medicinal agent can be improved through SA treatment.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased aloe emodin more than 10-11 fold versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- Aloe emodine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10-11e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Aloe veraOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aloe emodin and chrysophanol were remarkably increased by the SA treatment, more than 10-11 and 5-13 fold as compared with untreated control, respectively.”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased chrysophanol 5-13 fold versus untreated control.
- Treatment
- SA treatmente0
- Outcome
- chrysophanole0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5-13 folde0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aloe emodin and chrysophanol were remarkably increased by the SA treatment, more than 10-11 and 5-13 fold as compared with untreated control, respectively.”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Analysis identified 37 salicylic acid induced compounds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified a total of 37 SA-induced compounds, including aloe emodin and chrysophanol”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Three salicylic acid induced compounds were tentatively identified as tricyclic aromatic quinones.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3 of the compounds were tentatively identified as tricyclic aromatic quinones”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid induced secondary metabolic changes were associated with increased octaketide synthase gene expression.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these secondary metabolic changes resulted from increased expression of octaketide synthase genes”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid induced secondary metabolic changes were associated with decreased malonyl-CoA.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these secondary metabolic changes resulted from increased expression of octaketide synthase genes and decreases in malonyl-CoA”
t0“Aloe vera”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts of salicylic acid treated adventitious roots had enhanced anti-inflammatory activity.
- Treatment
- SA-treatede0
- Outcome
- anti-inflammatory activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- adventitious rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anti-inflammatory activity was enhanced in extracts of SA-treated adventitious roots”
t0“Aloe vera”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · molecular: metabolites · Aloe vera (aloe-vera)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.