Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), carbohydrates, total nitrogen and amino acids in the cambial region and bark were measured at the top (10-year-old internode) and bottom (1.3 m) of the main stem of 50-year-old Pinus sylvestris L. trees, having different rates and longitudinal gradients of annual ring width formation. The trees were sampled during the most active period of wood production (June 23, July 15) and at the end of this period (August 23). Trees with a small crown and relatively slow growth rate (S-trees) were compared with trees in the same stand that had a large crown and fast growth rate (F-trees) as a result of thinning and fertilization. The effect of bottom pruning fast-growing trees (pruned F-trees) was also investigated. The F-trees had greater wood production than the S-trees at both the stem top and bottom. The difference was larger at the stem bottom, thus the relative decrease in ring width down the stem was steeper in the S-trees. The amount of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in cambial region tissues was higher in F-trees than in S-trees. However, the differences in annual ring width between treatments and within trees were not reflected in the concentrations (expressed per gram fresh weight) of these substances, measured either in differentiating xylem, the cambium plus phloem, or in the cambial region as a whole. The concentrations of total nitrogen and amino acids were slightly higher in the F-trees than in the S-trees. Pruning the F-trees reduced wood production, particularly at the stem bottom, inhibited the springtime increase in starch, and decreased the amounts of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in the cambial region. However, it was evident that the concentrations of sucrose, IAA, amino acid and nitrogen in the cambial region were not related to ring width. During June and July, the concentrations of these substances were generally higher at the stem bottom in the pruned F-trees than in the F-trees. The results provide evidence that it is the activity of the cambium rather than the availability of carbohydrates that determines the allocation of wood production along the tree stem. The results also indicate that tracheid production is not directly related to the IAA concentration in the cambial region.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Large crown F-trees produced more wood than small crown S-trees at the stem top and bottom.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.
Pinus sylvestrist0 - Material
- F-treese0
- Outcome
- wood productione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- S-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The F-trees had greater wood production than the S-trees at both the stem top and bottom.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The F versus S wood production difference was greater at the stem bottom.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- stem bottome0
- Outcome
- differencee0
- Direction
- largere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The difference was larger at the stem bottom, thus the relative decrease in ring width down the stem was steeper in the S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ring width declined more steeply down stems of S-trees than F-trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Material
- S-treese0
- Outcome
- ring width down the steme0
- Direction
- relative decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The difference was larger at the stem bottom, thus the relative decrease in ring width down the stem was steeper in the S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
F-trees had more sucrose per area of cambial tissue than S-trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Material
- F-treese0
- Organ / stage
- cambial region tissuese0
- Outcome
- amount of sucrosee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- S-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in cambial region tissues was higher in F-trees than in S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
F-trees had more IAA per area of cambial tissue than S-trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Material
- F-treese0
- Organ / stage
- cambial region tissuese0
- Outcome
- IAA per cm(2)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- S-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in cambial region tissues was higher in F-trees than in S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambial concentrations of sucrose and IAA did not track ring width differences between or within trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- cambial regione0
- Outcome
- annual ring widthe0
- Direction
- not reflectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the differences in annual ring width between treatments and within trees were not reflected in the concentrations (expressed per gram fresh weight) of these substances, measured either in differentiating xylem, the cambium plus phloem, or in the cambial region as a whole.”
e1“The amount of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in cambial region tissues was higher in F-trees than in S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
F-trees had slightly higher total nitrogen and amino acid concentrations than S-trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Material
- F-treese0
- Outcome
- concentrations of total nitrogen and amino acidse0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- S-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentrations of total nitrogen and amino acids were slightly higher in the F-trees than in the S-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning F-trees reduced wood production, especially at the stem bottom.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- stem bottome0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- wood productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- F-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning the F-trees reduced wood production, particularly at the stem bottom”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning F-trees inhibited the spring increase in starch.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- springtime increase in starche0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- F-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning the F-trees reduced wood production, particularly at the stem bottom, inhibited the springtime increase in starch”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning F-trees decreased sucrose amount per cambial area.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- cambial regione0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- amounts of sucrosee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- F-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning the F-trees reduced wood production, particularly at the stem bottom, inhibited the springtime increase in starch, and decreased the amounts of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in the cambial region.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pruning F-trees decreased IAA amount per cambial area.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- cambial regione0
- Treatment
- Pruninge0
- Outcome
- IAA per cm(2)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- F-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pruning the F-trees reduced wood production, particularly at the stem bottom, inhibited the springtime increase in starch, and decreased the amounts of sucrose and IAA per cm(2) in the cambial region.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambial sucrose, IAA, amino acid, and nitrogen concentrations were unrelated to ring width.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- cambial regione0
- Compound
- sucrose, IAA, amino acid and nitrogene0
- Outcome
- ring widthe0
- Direction
- not relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, it was evident that the concentrations of sucrose, IAA, amino acid and nitrogen in the cambial region were not related to ring width.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
In June and July, pruned F-trees generally had higher cambial concentrations of these substances at the stem bottom than F-trees.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Material
- pruned F-treese0
- Organ / stage
- stem bottome0
- Outcome
- concentrations of these substancese0
- Direction
- generally highere0
- Qualifier
- During June and Julye0
- Comparator
- F-treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During June and July, the concentrations of these substances were generally higher at the stem bottom in the pruned F-trees than in the F-trees.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer cambial activity determines allocation of wood production along stems.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Outcome
- allocation of wood production along the tree steme0
- Qualifier
- activity of the cambiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results provide evidence that it is the activity of the cambium rather than the availability of carbohydrates that determines the allocation of wood production along the tree stem.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer tracheid production is not directly related to cambial IAA concentration.
- Taxon
- Pinus sylvestris L.Pinus sylvestrist0
- Organ / stage
- cambial regione0
- Compound
- IAA concentratione0
- Outcome
- tracheid productione0
- Direction
- not directly relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results also indicate that tracheid production is not directly related to the IAA concentration in the cambial region.”
t0“Pinus sylvestris L.”
The same questions in other papers
pruning · yield · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →pruning · quality: sugar starch · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
pruning · molecular: metabolites · Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.