Abstract
Abstract Leaf senescence is an oxidative process, and most of the catabolic processes involved in senescence are propagated irreversibly once initiated. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that nitrophenolates (Atonik, a plant growth regulator) spray can delay the leaf senescence through reduced oxidative damage. Atonik 3.75 g a.i. ha −1 was sprayed during boll filling stage on cotton, and the senescence process was evaluated by quantifying total chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm ratio, various reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant content and antioxidant enzyme activity from 90 days after sowing (DAS) to 130 DAS. The result indicated that nitrophenolate spray reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ) accumulation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability over unsprayed control. The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray. POX (118.1 %) and GSH‐Px (143.3 %) activities were enhanced to a higher level compared to APX (8.5 %) activity at 130 DAS. Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate (144.9 %), phenol (154.7 %) and proline (50 %) was seen in nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants compared with unsprayed control plants at 130 DAS. Ascorbate content is increased by higher dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme activity. Ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals resulting in an increase in phenolic compounds. The increased phenolic acid content may be involved in scavenging the ROS produced during senescence process. The higher level of reduced ascorbate and low level of endogenous H 2 O 2 in the leaves may be the prerequisite for delayed leaf senescence in the nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants can postpone the leaf senescence by peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate system which is involved in scavenging the ROS produced during leaf senescence.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrophenolate spray reduced hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion accumulation in cotton compared with unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ) accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrophenolate spray reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ) accumulation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability over unsprayed control”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrophenolate spray reduced lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in cotton compared with unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrophenolate spray reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ) accumulation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability over unsprayed control”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrophenolate spray reduced lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability in cotton compared with unsprayed control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- unsprayed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrophenolate spray reduced the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 − ) accumulation, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), lipoxygenase activity and membrane permeability over unsprayed control”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased by nitrophenolate spray in cotton.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, SODe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase (POX) activity was enhanced by 118.1 % by nitrophenolate spray in cotton at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- POXe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 118.1 %e1
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray”
e1“POX (118.1 %) and GSH‐Px (143.3 %) activities were enhanced to a higher level compared to APX (8.5 %) activity at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was enhanced by 143.3 % by nitrophenolate spray in cotton at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- GSH‐Pxe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 143.3 %e1
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray”
e1“POX (118.1 %) and GSH‐Px (143.3 %) activities were enhanced to a higher level compared to APX (8.5 %) activity at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was enhanced by only 8.5 % by nitrophenolate spray in cotton at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate spraye0
- Outcome
- APXe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Value
- 8.5 %e1
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; peroxidase, POX; glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) were significantly increased by the nitrophenolate spray”
e1“POX (118.1 %) and GSH‐Px (143.3 %) activities were enhanced to a higher level compared to APX (8.5 %) activity at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate accumulation was enhanced by 144.9 % in nitrophenolate-sprayed cotton relative to unsprayed controls at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate‐sprayed plantse0
- Outcome
- accumulation of ascorbatee0
- Direction
- Enhancede0
- Value
- 144.9 %e0
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe0
- Comparator
- unsprayed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate (144.9 %), phenol (154.7 %) and proline (50 %) was seen in nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants compared with unsprayed control plants at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenol accumulation was enhanced by 154.7 % in nitrophenolate-sprayed cotton relative to unsprayed controls at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate‐sprayed plantse0
- Outcome
- phenole0
- Direction
- Enhancede0
- Value
- 154.7 %e0
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe0
- Comparator
- unsprayed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate (144.9 %), phenol (154.7 %) and proline (50 %) was seen in nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants compared with unsprayed control plants at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline accumulation was enhanced by 50 % in nitrophenolate-sprayed cotton relative to unsprayed controls at 130 DAS.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate‐sprayed plantse0
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- Enhancede0
- Value
- 50 %e0
- Qualifier
- 130 DASe0
- Comparator
- unsprayed control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced accumulation of ascorbate (144.9 %), phenol (154.7 %) and proline (50 %) was seen in nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants compared with unsprayed control plants at 130 DAS”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate content is increased by higher dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- dehydroascorbate reductase enzymee0
- Outcome
- Ascorbate contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate content is increased by higher dehydroascorbate reductase enzyme activity”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbate replenished reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- Ascorbatee0
- Outcome
- increase in phenolic compoundse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ascorbate was thus able to replenish reducing equivalents to phenoxyl radicals resulting in an increase in phenolic compounds”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The increased phenolic acid content may be involved in scavenging the ROS produced during senescence.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- phenolic acide0
- Outcome
- scavenging the ROS produced during senescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased phenolic acid content may be involved in scavenging the ROS produced during senescence process”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher level of reduced ascorbate and low level of endogenous H2O2 in the leaves may be the prerequisite for delayed leaf senescence in nitrophenolate-sprayed plants.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Compound
- reduced ascorbate and low level of endogenous H 2 O 2e0
- Outcome
- delayed leaf senescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher level of reduced ascorbate and low level of endogenous H 2 O 2 in the leaves may be the prerequisite for delayed leaf senescence”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrophenolate-sprayed cotton plants can postpone leaf senescence by the peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate system.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- nitrophenolate‐sprayed plantse0
- Outcome
- postpone the leaf senescencee0
- Qualifier
- peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitrophenolate‐sprayed plants can postpone the leaf senescence by peroxide/phenolic/ascorbate system”
t0“Cotton”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.