Abstract
An investigation was carried out at Akure in the rainforest of Nigeria to determine the effectiveness of sole and amended oil palm bunch ash and spent grain with poultry and turkey manures as sources of fertilizers on the growth of mango seedlings (Magnifera indica L) in the nursery. Eight organic fertilizer treatments, spent grain, oil palm bunch ash, poultry manure, turkey manures (sole forms), oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure, oil palm bunch ash + turkey manure, spent grain + poultry manure, spent grain + turkey manure, were applied at 8t/ha (40g per 10kg soil filled poly bag) with an NPK fertilizer 400kg/ha (2g per bag) treatment as a reference and a control (no fertilizer; no manure), replicated three times and arranged in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment. Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment. In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. However, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizers increased only soil K by 10% compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment. The highest soil K/Ca, K/Mg and P/Mg ratios in NPK fertilizer treatment led to imbalance in the supply of P, K, Ca and Mg nutrients to mango. Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in improving mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertility.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers significantly increased mango seedling growth traits relative to the control.
- Taxon
- mango
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Mangifera indicae0 - Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers significantly increased soil and leaf mineral levels and soil pH and organic matter relative to the control.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- organic fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the organic fertilizers increased significantly (P<0.05) plant height, leaf area, stem girth, number of leaves of mango seedlings and root length, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic matter contents relative to the control treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm bunch ash plus poultry manure increased mango seedling height by 22% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm bunch ash plus poultry manure increased stem girth by 24% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- stem girthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
- Comparator
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm bunch ash plus poultry manure increased leaf area by 1% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Comparator
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm bunch ash plus poultry manure increased leaf number by 27% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil palm bunch ash plus poultry manure increased root length by 10% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased the plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf number and root length of mango seedlings by 22%, 24%, 1%, 27% and 10% respectively, compared to NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil pH by 27% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- soil pH (H 2 O)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil organic matter by 79% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- O.M.e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 79%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil N by 30% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 30%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil P by 26% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil Ca by 99% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 99%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased soil Mg by 99.2% over NPK fertilizer.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 99.2%e0
- Comparator
- NPK fertilizer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment also increased the soil pH (H 2 O), O.M., N, P, Ca and Mg by 27%, 79%, 30%, 26%, 99% and 99.2% respectively compared to NPK fertilizer treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased leaf N by 37% over ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- leaf Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 37%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
e1“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased leaf P by 45% over ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
e1“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased leaf K by 18% over ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
e1“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased leaf Ca by 35% over ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
e1“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Ash plus poultry manure increased leaf Mg by 15% over ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatmente1
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, it also increased the leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg by 37%, 45%, 18%, 35%, and 15% respectively compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
e1“Amended oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK fertilizer increased soil K by 10% relative to oil palm bunch ash alone.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- soil Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Comparator
- oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizers increased only soil K by 10% compared to the oil palm bunch ash (sole) treatment.”
t0“mango seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At 8t/ha, ash plus poultry manure was the most effective treatment for mango growth, leaf minerals, and soil fertility.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/hae0
- Outcome
- mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment applied at 8t/ha was the most effective treatment in improving mango growth parameters, leaf mineral composition, and soil fertility.”
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