Abstract
Reducing fertilizer doses under sustainable agricultural management is possible by increasing nutrient utilization efficiency, which will decrease crop production costs and boost economic return. Soil amendments known as water retention agents (WRAs) are added to the soil to enhance crop growth conditions. We hypothesize that the addition of WRAs may support the soil-retaining nutrients given through fertilization and prevent them from leaching into tropical soils characterized by severe rainfall due to WRAs’ exceptional capacities to absorb and store water. Mango trees (Mangifera indica L. cv Tainong No. 1) aged 18 years were fertilized with 100% or 80% of the recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The experimental design included three treatments, i.e., complete recommended doses of N, P, and K (CRF), 80% of the complete recommended doses (RRF), and water-retaining agent (40 kg ha−1) + 80% of the complete recommended doses (WRARRF). Reducing the fertilization doses by 20% for mango trees in the studied tropical soil significantly (p < 0.05) minimized the nutrient availability in the soil compared to the complete fertilization doses. WRARRF compensated for the nutrient reduction by increasing the availability of N, P, and K. The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF. The addition of WRARR increased the partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) value by 36% and 41% in the first and second years, respectively. The highest mango fruit output was achieved by the addition of WRARRF, which resulted in increases in mango fruit yield of 11.9% and 16.5% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to RRF. Fruit quality traits showed the descending order: WRARRF > RRF > CRF. WRARRF produced the maximum economic benefit (USD 7372 per hectare) compared to CRF and RRF. The polyacrylamide/attapulgite water-retaining agent exhibited remarkable improvement in mango fruit yield and economic profit by regulating the release of nutrients in tropical soils. Water-retaining agents are an effective strategy for overcoming the extensive fertilization used in mango orchards, which has resulted in numerous environmental contaminations and the inefficient use of fertilizers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing fertilizer doses by 20% significantly minimized soil nutrient availability.
- Treatment
- Reducing the fertilization doses by 20%e0
- Outcome
- nutrient availability in the soile0
- Direction
- minimizede0
- Comparator
- complete fertilization dosese0
- Setting
- tropical soile0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Reducing the fertilization doses by 20% for mango trees in the studied tropical soil significantly (p < 0.05) minimized the nutrient availability in the soil compared to the complete fertilization doses.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARRF compensated for nutrient reduction by increasing soil N, P and K availability.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“WRARRF compensated for the nutrient reduction by increasing the availability of N, P, and K.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf N by 11% in year one compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mango
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicae0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf P by 4% in year one compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 4%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf K by 7% in year one compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf N by 11% in year two compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf P by 6% in year two compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased mango leaf K by 7% in year two compared with CRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7%e0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
- Comparator
- CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased N, P, and K in mango leaf by 11%, 4%, and 7% in the first year and by 11%, 6%, and 7% in the second year, respectively, compared to CRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased partial fertilizer productivity by 36% in year one.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- partial fertilizer productivity (PFP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased the partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) value by 36% and 41% in the first and second years, respectively.”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARR increased partial fertilizer productivity by 41% in year two.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- WRARRe0
- Outcome
- partial fertilizer productivity (PFP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41%e0
- Qualifier
- second yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of WRARR increased the partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) value by 36% and 41% in the first and second years, respectively.”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARRF gave the highest mango output and increased yield by 11.9% in year one relative to RRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- WRARRFe0
- Outcome
- mango fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 11.9%e0
- Qualifier
- firste0
- Comparator
- RRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mango fruit output was achieved by the addition of WRARRF, which resulted in increases in mango fruit yield of 11.9% and 16.5% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to RRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARRF increased mango yield by 16.5% in year two relative to RRF.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- WRARRFe0
- Outcome
- mango fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 16.5%e0
- Qualifier
- second yearse0
- Comparator
- RRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest mango fruit output was achieved by the addition of WRARRF, which resulted in increases in mango fruit yield of 11.9% and 16.5% in the first and second years, respectively, compared to RRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit quality ranked WRARRF above RRF above CRF.
- Taxon
- MangoMangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- WRARRFe0
- Outcome
- Fruit quality traitse0
- Direction
- descending ordere0
- Comparator
- RRF > CRFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit quality traits showed the descending order: WRARRF > RRF > CRF.”
t0“Mango”
Claim · model-written summary
WRARRF produced maximum economic benefit of USD 7372 per hectare compared with CRF and RRF.
- Treatment
- WRARRFe0
- Outcome
- economic benefite0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- USD 7372 per hectaree0
- Comparator
- CRF and RRFe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“WRARRF produced the maximum economic benefit (USD 7372 per hectare) compared to CRF and RRF.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved mango yield and profit to nutrient-release regulation by the water-retaining agent.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- polyacrylamide/attapulgite water-retaining agente0
- Outcome
- mango fruit yield and economic profite0
- Qualifier
- regulating the release of nutrientse0
- Setting
- tropical soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The polyacrylamide/attapulgite water-retaining agent exhibited remarkable improvement in mango fruit yield and economic profit by regulating the release of nutrients in tropical soils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-retaining agents are recommended to overcome excessive fertilization and inefficient fertilizer use in mango orchards.
- Taxon
- mangoMangifera indicae0
- Treatment
- Water-retaining agentse0
- Outcome
- overcoming the extensive fertilization used in mango orchardse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Water-retaining agents are an effective strategy for overcoming the extensive fertilization used in mango orchards, which has resulted in numerous environmental contaminations and the inefficient use of fertilizers.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · nutrient: content · Mangifera indica (mango)Positive and negative results
16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.