Abstract
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the reduction of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), nutrient uptake, and growth of leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh) plants was studied under greenhouse conditions. This experiment was a 3 × 2 × 2 × 4 factorial design including three mycorrhizal treatments (non-AMF, Glomus intraradices, and G. versiforme strains), two microorganism statuses (with and without soil bacteria), two PAH chemicals (anthracene and phenanthrene), and four PAH concentrations (three concentrations added and one control). Leek growth was reduced significantly in soils spiked with anthracene or phenanthrene. Inoculation with either Glomus intraradices or G. versiforme not only increased N and P uptake and plant growth, but also enhanced PAH disappearance in soil. After 12 weeks of potcultures, the anthracene and phenanthrene concentrations in soils were decreased as compared to their initial level, 9%–31% versus 43%–88%, respectively. Reductions in concentration were larger for phenanthrene than anthracene. The addition of a soil microorganism (SM) extract in potcultures accelerated the disappearance of PAHs. The decrease of PAHs in soil was mainly attributed to the enhanced nutrient uptake by AMF, leading to improved plant growth, which, in turn, may stimulate soil microbial activity. This study shows the interrelationships between AMF, plants, other SMs, and PAH disappearance in soil. The phytoremediation of soil contaminated with PAHs can be accelerated through inoculation with AMF and other SMs.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Leek growth was reduced significantly in soils spiked with anthracene or phenanthrene.
- Taxon
- leek
Allium ampeloprasume1 - Treatment
- soils spiked with anthracene or phenanthrenee1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Leek growth was reduced significantly in soils spiked with anthracene or phenanthrene”
e2“under greenhouse conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Glomus intraradices or G. versiforme increased N uptake, P uptake and plant growth of leek compared with non-AMF plants.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume4
- Material
- Musselburghe4
- Treatment
- Inoculation with either Glomus intraradices or G. versiformee1
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. versiformeDiversispora versiformise1symbiont
- Outcome
- N and P uptake and plant growthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- non-AMFe2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation with either Glomus intraradices or G. versiforme not only increased N and P uptake and plant growth, but also enhanced PAH disappearance in soil”
e2“non-AMF”
e3“under greenhouse conditions”
e4“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Glomus intraradices or G. versiforme enhanced PAH disappearance in soil.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume4
- Treatment
- Inoculation with either Glomus intraradices or G. versiformee1
- Interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Second interactor
- G. versiformeDiversispora versiformise1symbiont
- Outcome
- PAH disappearance in soile1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation with either Glomus intraradices or G. versiforme not only increased N and P uptake and plant growth, but also enhanced PAH disappearance in soil”
e3“under greenhouse conditions”
e4“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthracene concentrations in soil decreased by 9%-31% relative to the initial level after 12 weeks of pot culture.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume5
- Outcome
- anthracene and phenanthrene concentrations in soilse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 9%–31%e3
- Comparator
- initial levele3
- Setting
- potculturese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the anthracene and phenanthrene concentrations in soils were decreased as compared to their initial level, 9%–31% versus 43%–88%, respectively”
e4“After 12 weeks of potcultures”
e5“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenanthrene concentrations in soil decreased by 43%-88% relative to the initial level after 12 weeks of pot culture.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume5
- Outcome
- anthracene and phenanthrene concentrations in soilse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Value
- 43%–88%e3
- Comparator
- initial levele3
- Setting
- potculturese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the anthracene and phenanthrene concentrations in soils were decreased as compared to their initial level, 9%–31% versus 43%–88%, respectively”
e4“After 12 weeks of potcultures”
e5“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
The reduction in PAH concentration was larger for phenanthrene than for anthracene.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume5
- Compound
- phenanthrenee6
- Outcome
- Reductions in concentratione6
- Direction
- largere6
- Comparator
- anthracenee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Reductions in concentration were larger for phenanthrene than anthracene”
e5“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease of PAHs in soil is attributed mainly to enhanced nutrient uptake by AMF.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume5
- Interactor
- AMFe7symbiont
- Outcome
- decrease of PAHs in soile7
- Qualifier
- enhanced nutrient uptake by AMFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The decrease of PAHs in soil was mainly attributed to the enhanced nutrient uptake by AMF”
e5“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved plant growth may stimulate soil microbial activity.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume1
- Outcome
- soil microbial activitye0
- Qualifier
- improved plant growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to improved plant growth, which, in turn, may stimulate soil microbial activity”
e1“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of a soil microorganism extract in pot culture accelerated the disappearance of PAHs.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume1
- Treatment
- addition of a soil microorganism (SM) extracte0
- Outcome
- disappearance of PAHse0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Setting
- potculturese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of a soil microorganism (SM) extract in potcultures accelerated the disappearance of PAHs”
e1“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil can be accelerated through inoculation with AMF and other soil microorganisms.
- Taxon
- leekAllium ampeloprasume1
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMF and other SMse0
- Outcome
- phytoremediation of soil contaminated with PAHse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytoremediation of soil contaminated with PAHs can be accelerated through inoculation with AMF and other SMs”
e1“leek (Allium porrum L. cv. Musselburgh)”
The same questions in other papers
Rhizophagus intraradices · growth · Allium ampeloprasum (leek)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Allium ampeloprasum (leek)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
inoculation · growth · Allium ampeloprasum (leek)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →botanical · molecular: metabolites · Allium ampeloprasum (leek)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.