Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in cultivars of cowpea is not yet understood. The hypothesis proposed by this study is that lack of basic technology, including sufficient mineral nutrition, combined with periods of water shortage during the crop cycle leads to insufficient photosynthetic metabolism in the flowering stage in nodulated plants. Two experiments were conducted in northeastern Brazil, one under field conditions and another in a greenhouse at near optimal conditions. Two of the principal cultivars selected for northeastern (Mulato and Gurguéia) and one for northern Brazil (Milênio) were evaluated regarding physiological, biochemical and biometric variables between the late vegetative and early reproductive stages under mineral nutrition and BNF treatments. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll of inoculated plants were similar to plants fertilized with mineral nitrogen, in the three cultivars in both experiments, with emphasis on Gurguéia. Leaf nitrogen concentrations and the number and dry weight of nodules were higher in Mulato and Gurguéia compared to Milênio. Milênio and Gurguéia under BNF showed higher total dry weight compared to controls; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in inoculated plants compared to controls. In conclusion, based on these results under non-stressful conditions, cultivars selected for the northeastern region inoculated with an effective rhizobia strain and receiving a mild dose of mineral nitrogen can ensure development similar to that verified in plants fertilized only with correct nitrogen fertilization.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cowpea and mineral-nitrogen-fertilized cowpea had similar gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in all three cultivars and both experiments.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- three cultivars in both experimentse0
- Comparator
- plants fertilized with mineral nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll of inoculated plants were similar to plants fertilized with mineral nitrogen, in the three cultivars in both experiments, with emphasis on Gurguéia.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cowpea and mineral-nitrogen-fertilized cowpea had similar leaf soluble sugars, amino acids and proteins in all three cultivars and both experiments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- leaf contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, proteinse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Qualifier
- three cultivars in both experimentse0
- Comparator
- plants fertilized with mineral nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll of inoculated plants were similar to plants fertilized with mineral nitrogen, in the three cultivars in both experiments, with emphasis on Gurguéia.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cowpea and mineral-nitrogen-fertilized cowpea had similar leaf chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- chlorophylle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- plants fertilized with mineral nitrogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf contents of soluble sugars, amino acids, proteins and chlorophyll of inoculated plants were similar to plants fertilized with mineral nitrogen, in the three cultivars in both experiments, with emphasis on Gurguéia.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulato had higher leaf nitrogen concentration than Milênio.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Mulatoe0
- Outcome
- Leaf nitrogen concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Milênioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen concentrations and the number and dry weight of nodules were higher in Mulato and Gurguéia compared to Milênio.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Gurguéia had higher leaf nitrogen concentration than Milênio.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Gurguéiae0
- Outcome
- Leaf nitrogen concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Milênioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen concentrations and the number and dry weight of nodules were higher in Mulato and Gurguéia compared to Milênio.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulato had more nodules and greater nodule dry weight than Milênio.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Mulatoe0
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Milênioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen concentrations and the number and dry weight of nodules were higher in Mulato and Gurguéia compared to Milênio.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Gurguéia had more nodules and greater nodule dry weight than Milênio.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Gurguéiae0
- Outcome
- number and dry weight of nodulese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Milênioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf nitrogen concentrations and the number and dry weight of nodules were higher in Mulato and Gurguéia compared to Milênio.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Milênio under biological nitrogen fixation had higher total dry weight than controls.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Milênioe0
- Treatment
- BNFe0
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Milênio and Gurguéia under BNF showed higher total dry weight compared to controls; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in inoculated plants compared to controls.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Gurguéia under biological nitrogen fixation had higher total dry weight than controls.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Gurguéiae0
- Treatment
- BNFe0
- Outcome
- total dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Milênio and Gurguéia under BNF showed higher total dry weight compared to controls; however, the number of pods per plant was higher in inoculated plants compared to controls.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated plants had more pods per plant than controls.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of pods per plant was higher in inoculated plants compared to controls.”
t0“Cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that northeastern cultivars given effective rhizobia and mild mineral nitrogen can develop similarly to correctly nitrogen-fertilized plants under nonstressful conditions.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with an effective rhizobia strain and receiving a mild dose of mineral nitrogene0
- Outcome
- development similar to that verified in plants fertilized only with correct nitrogen fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivars selected for the northeastern region inoculated with an effective rhizobia strain and receiving a mild dose of mineral nitrogen can ensure development similar to that verified in plants fertilized only with correct nitrogen fertilization.”
t0“Cowpea”
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