Abstract
• Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes phospholipids to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and a head group, and is involved in the response to various environmental stresses, including salinity. Here, we determined the roles of PLDα and PA in the mediation of salt (NaCl)-stress signaling through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) in Arabidopsis thaliana. • NaCl-induced changes in the content and composition of PA were quantitatively profiled by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). A specific PA species (a MAPK 16:0-18:2 PA), which was increased in abundance by exposure to NaCl, bound to a MPK6, according to filter binding and ELISA. The effect of PA on MPK6 activity was tested using in-gel analysis. • 16:0-18:2 PA stimulated the activity of MPK6 immunoprecipitated from Arabidopsis leaf extracts. Treatment with NaCl induced a transient activation of MPK6 in wild-type plant, but the activation was abolished in the pldα1 plant mutant. A plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (SOS1) was identified as a downstream target of MPK6. MPK6 phosphorylated the C-terminal fragment of SOS1. The MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1 was stimulated by treatment with NaCl, as well as directly by PA. • These results suggest that PA plays a critical role in coupling MAPK cascades in response to salt stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased 16:0-18:2 PA abundance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- 16:0-18:2 PAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a MAPK 16:0-18:2 PA), which was increased in abundance by exposure to NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
16:0-18:2 PA bound MPK6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- MPK6e0
- Compound
- 16:0-18:2 PAe0
- Outcome
- bound to a MPK6e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a MAPK 16:0-18:2 PA), which was increased in abundance by exposure to NaCl, bound to a MPK6”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
16:0-18:2 PA stimulated MPK6 activity in leaf extracts.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- 16:0-18:2 PAe0
- Gene
- MPK6e0
- Outcome
- activity of MPK6e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“16:0-18:2 PA stimulated the activity of MPK6 immunoprecipitated from Arabidopsis leaf extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl transiently activated MPK6 in wild type plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- wild-type plante0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Gene
- MPK6e0
- Outcome
- activation of MPK6e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- transiente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with NaCl induced a transient activation of MPK6 in wild-type plant”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl activation of MPK6 was abolished in the pldα1 mutant.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- pldα1 plant mutante0
- Outcome
- activatione0
- Direction
- abolishede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activation was abolished in the pldα1 plant mutant”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SOS1 was identified as a downstream MPK6 target.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- SOS1e0
- Outcome
- downstream target of MPK6e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+) antiporter (SOS1) was identified as a downstream target of MPK6”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
MPK6 phosphorylated the C-terminal fragment of SOS1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- MPK6e0
- Outcome
- phosphorylated the C-terminal fragment of SOS1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MPK6 phosphorylated the C-terminal fragment of SOS1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stimulated MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- NaCle0
- Outcome
- MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1 was stimulated by treatment with NaCl”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
PA directly stimulated MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- PAe0
- Outcome
- MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MPK6 phosphorylation of SOS1 was stimulated by treatment with NaCl, as well as directly by PA”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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